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Lect 09. Jet Engines and Cycles

The document discusses jet engines and thermodynamic cycles, focusing on turbojet and turbofan engine cycles. It outlines the components and processes of a simple turbojet engine, including air compression, combustion, and thrust generation. Additionally, it introduces the concept of an afterburner to enhance thrust and presents ideal turbojet analysis assumptions.

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naqeeb20021113
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10 views

Lect 09. Jet Engines and Cycles

The document discusses jet engines and thermodynamic cycles, focusing on turbojet and turbofan engine cycles. It outlines the components and processes of a simple turbojet engine, including air compression, combustion, and thrust generation. Additionally, it introduces the concept of an afterburner to enhance thrust and presents ideal turbojet analysis assumptions.

Uploaded by

naqeeb20021113
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME-306 Prop & Turbomachinery

Lecture # 09

Jet Engines and


thermodynamics cycles

Reference:
(1) Art. 5.4 (Hill Peterson)
(2) Chapter 4 (Saeed Farooqi)
Learning Objectives
• To learn concept, perform thermodynamic analysis
•Turbojet engine cycle
• Turbofan engine cycle

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Simple Turbojet Engine

Schematic diagram of a typical simple turbojet engine is shown below:

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Simple Turbojet Engine

Energy Interaction
Nodes Component Process
From To
1–2 Diffuser Diffusion Kinetic Pressure
2–3 Compressor Compression Work input Pressure
3–4 Burner Combustion Chemical Heat
4–5 Turbine Expansion Heat Work +
Pressure
5–6 Nozzle Expansion Pressure Kinetic

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Simple Turbojet Engine
• The basic idea of the turbojet engine is simple.
• Air taken in from an opening in the front of the engine is
compressed to 3 to 12 times its original pressure in
compressor.
• Fuel is added to the air and burned in a combustion
chamber to raise the temperature of the fluid mixture to
about 1100 °F to 1300 ° F.

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Simple Turbojet Engine
• The resulting hot air is passed through a turbine, which
drives the compressor.
• If the turbine and compressor are efficient, the pressure at
the turbine discharge will be nearly twice the atmospheric
pressure
• This excess pressure is sent to the nozzle to produce a
high-velocity stream of gas which produces a thrust.

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Turbojet Animation

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Turbojet With Afterburner

• Substantial increase in thrust can be obtained by employing an


afterburner.
• It is a second combustion chamber positioned after the turbine and
before the nozzle.
• The afterburner increases the temperature of the gas ahead of the
nozzle.
• The result of this increase in temperature is an increase of about 40
percent in thrust at takeoff and a much larger percentage at high speeds
once the plane is in the air.
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Ideal Turbojet Analysis
• Assumptions:
• Diffusion, compression and expansion processes are all
isentropic(i.e. reversible and adiabatic).
• Friction and mechanical losses are negligible.
• Combustion process is replaced by a constant pressure
heat addition process.
• Flow parameters (γ, R, Cp) remain constant throughout.
• Nozzle is fully expanded i.e. Pe = Pa

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Schematic of Turbofan Engine
Separated flow

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Schematic of Turbofan Engine
Mixed flow

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Schematic of Turboprop Engine

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