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Laws of Motion

The document covers the fundamentals of motion in physical science, focusing on Newton's laws of motion, which describe how forces affect the movement of objects. It distinguishes between kinematics, which deals with motion without considering forces, and dynamics, which involves the effects of forces. The document also explains contact and non-contact forces, and provides examples of each of Newton's three laws of motion.

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17 views45 pages

Laws of Motion

The document covers the fundamentals of motion in physical science, focusing on Newton's laws of motion, which describe how forces affect the movement of objects. It distinguishes between kinematics, which deals with motion without considering forces, and dynamics, which involves the effects of forces. The document also explains contact and non-contact forces, and provides examples of each of Newton's three laws of motion.

Uploaded by

Taekwondo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physical

Science
Module 2
Motion
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Kinematics vs Dynamics
● Kinematics describes the
way objects move by means
of distance, displacement,
speed, velocity or
acceleration.
Kinematics vs Dynamics
● Dynamics is a branch of
Physics that considers the
effects of forces on the
motion of moving objects
and systems.
Dynamics
● Newton’s laws of motion are the
foundation of dynamics.
● These laws provide an example of the
breadth and simplicity of principles
under which nature functions.
● They are also universal laws in that
they apply to similar situations on
Earth as well as in space.
Isaac Newton
● 1600s
● Principia
● development of
Newton’s laws
marks the
transition from
the Renaissance
into the modern
What is FORCE?
● A force is a push or a
pull.
●A force is an interaction
between two objects or
between an object and
its environment.
●A force is a vector
quantity, with magnitude
Contact vs Noncontact
Force
●When a force involves direct contact
between two bodies, such as a push or
pull that you exert on an object with your
hand, we call it a contact force.
○ Three common types of contact forces: normal
force, friction force and tension force
●The force which acts on an object without
coming physically in contact with it is
called non-contact force.
○ Gravitational force, Magnetic force,
Electrostatics and Nuclear force.
In addition to contact
forces...
● there are long-range forces that
act even when the bodies are
separated by empty space.
●The gravitational force that the
earth exerts on your body is
called your weight.
Newton’s First Law of Motion
● An object’s motion will not change unless
● an unbalanced force acts on it.
● If the object is at rest, it will stay at rest. If
the object is in motion, it will stay in
motion and its velocity will remain the
same.
● In other words, neither the direction nor
the speed of the object will change as long
as the net force acting on it is zero.
Newton’s First Law of Motion
● also called the law of inertia.
● The word “inertia” refers to a body’s
resistance to changes in its motion.
● The inertia of an object depends on its
mass.
● For example, if you roll a ball, it will
continue rolling unless friction or
something else stops it by force.
Newton’s First Law of Motion
Why is wearing a seatbelt
important?
Newton’s Second Law of
Motion
“The acceleration of an object is
directly
proportional to the net external force
acting on the object and inversely
proportional to the mass of an object”
Newton’s Second Law of
Motion
Example 1. A 3.5 kg papaya is
pushed across a table. If the
acceleration of the papaya is 2.2
m/s2 to the left. What is the net
external force exerted on the
papaya?
Newton’s Second Law of
Motion
Example 2. A 5.00x105 kg
rocket is accelerating straight
up. Its engines
produce1.250x107 N of thrust,
and air resistance is 4.50 x 106
N. What is the rocket’s
Newton’s Third Law of
Motion
Newton’s Third Law of
Motion
● states that every action has an equal and
opposite reaction.
● This means that forces always act in pairs.
Then a reaction occurs that is equal in
strength to the action but in the opposite
direction.
SUMMARY
OF THE
LESSON
1st Law
●Newton’s first law of
motion: A body acted on
by no net force moves
with constant velocity
(which may be zero) and
zero acceleration.
2nd law
●Newton’s second law of
motion: If a net external force
acts on a body, the body
accelerates. The direction of
acceleration is the same as the
direction of the net force. The
mass of the body times the
3rd law
●Newton’s third law of motion:
If body A exerts a force on
body B (an action”), then body
B exerts a force on body A (a
“reaction”). These two forces
have the same magnitude but
are opposite in direction.
1st, 2nd and 3rd Law of
Motion
•Identify what law
is describe in
each situation.
1st, 2nd and 3rd Law of
Motion
• You tend to move
forward when a
sudden break is
applied.
A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd
1st, 2nd and 3rd Law of
Motion
●Two people
pushing a table

A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd


1st, 2nd and 3rd Law of
Motion
• You feel a backward
force when the bus
moves quickly from
rest.
A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd
1st, 2nd and 3rd Law of
Motion
•Hitting a Ball

A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd


1st, 2nd and 3rd Law of
Motion

•Gun pushes
on bullet
A. 1st B. 2nd C. 3rd
Thanks

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