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9142 Aishwarya Parle IE

The document presents a study on budget expenditure in higher education in India, highlighting allocations for the Ministry of Education and the Department of Higher Education for 2024-25, which show a decrease from previous estimates. Key issues discussed include socio-economic disparities in enrollment, reduced financial aid for students, quality concerns in higher education institutions, high vacancy rates, unemployment among graduates, and limited research output from higher education institutions. The document also outlines initiatives aimed at improving employability and research funding.

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12 views14 pages

9142 Aishwarya Parle IE

The document presents a study on budget expenditure in higher education in India, highlighting allocations for the Ministry of Education and the Department of Higher Education for 2024-25, which show a decrease from previous estimates. Key issues discussed include socio-economic disparities in enrollment, reduced financial aid for students, quality concerns in higher education institutions, high vacancy rates, unemployment among graduates, and limited research output from higher education institutions. The document also outlines initiatives aimed at improving employability and research funding.

Uploaded by

nemo29112002
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STUDY OF

BUDGET
EXPENDITURE
IN HIGHER
EDUCATION
IN INDIA
Presented by:-
9142 Aishwarya Parle
Introduction
• In India, both the central and state governments
operate schools and higher education
institutions (HEIs).

• The Union Ministry of Education has two


departments: (i) the Department of School
Education and Literacy, and (ii) the Department
of Higher Education.
Overview of Finances
• In 2024-25, the Ministry has been allocated Rs 1,20,628
crore. (decrease of 7% from the revised estimate for
2023-24.)
• The Department of Higher Education has been allocated
Rs 47,620 crore (39% of the Ministry’s budget).
(decrease of 17% from the revised estimate for 2023-24)
• In 2023-24, as per revised estimates, total expenditure
by the Ministry is estimated to be 15% higher than the
budget estimate.
• In 2024-25, Rs 47,620 crore have been allocated to the
Department of Higher Education.
• Transfers to Central Universities constitute the largest portion of
the Department’s budget (33%), allocation for IIT (22%), NITs
and IIEST (11%).
• The allocation towards Higher Education in 2024-25 is estimated
to be decrease by 17% from than the estimate for 2023-24.
• Allocation towards the University Grants Commission (UGC) is
estimated to reduce by 61%.
• The allocation towards Central Universities and NITs & IIEST
have been increased by 29% and 5% respectively.
Key issues
in Higher
Education
1.Socio-economic disparity in enrolment in higher
education
• Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher
education has increased over time.

• The NEP (2020) envisions increasing GER in


higher education to 50% by 2035.

• India’s GER was recorded at 28.5% in 2021-22.

• Participation of women is lower in certain


education streams.

• However, in overall STEM fields, women


constitute : (i) 51% of UG, (ii) 61% of PG and
(ii) 50% of Ph.D. enrolment.
2. STUDENT AID
• To promote higher education, the Department provides
financial aid to students.

• Between 2017-18 and 2022-23, expenditure on student


financial aid has reduced.

• Since 2023-24, expenditure on interest subsidy and


scholarships has been merged into the PM-Uchchatar
Shiksha Protsahan Yojana (PM-USP). For 2024-25, PM-
USP has been allocated Rs 1,558 crore

• The Standing Committee on Education, Women, Children,


Youth and Sports (2022) had observed that existing
scholarships are not sufficient.
3. Quality of higher education
• institutions
The National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) evaluates the
quality of Higher Educational Institutions.

• To improve infrastructure facilities at HEIs, the Higher


Education Financing Agency (HEFA) was set up in 2017-18.

• In 2013-14, the Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyaan was


launched to fund upgradation of infrastructure and overall
quality of HEIs.

• The utilisation of funds under RUSA has been consistently low


4. High vacancies in higher education institutions
• According to the Standing Committee on Education, Women
Children, Youth and Sports (2023), the ideal PTR in higher
education is 15:1

• As per AISHE 2021-22, the prevailing PTR in higher education


in regular mode is 23:1.
5. Graduates faced with higher
• Working Population Ratio (WPR) indicates the
unemployment
percentage of employed persons in a population.

• Amongst graduates and post-graduates aged 25-64 in


India, WPR is 64%.

• The Department of Economic Affairs (2024) cited the


employability of pre-final and final year students
increased from 34% in 2014 to 51% in 2024.

• In the 2024-25 budget speech, a scheme to provide


internship opportunities for one crore youth in 500 top
companies has been announced.
6. Higher educational institutions play a limited role in
research
• The Economic Survey of India (2017-18) observed that research expenditure in India is
concentrated in specialized government departments.

• In many countries, universities are critical in generating high quality research output,
while in In India, primarily restricted to teaching.

• The Department of HE also implements the Multidisciplinary Education and Research


Improvement in Technical Education (MERITE).

• In 2024-25, the program has been allocated Rs 200 crore.


Thank you
for
listening!

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