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U-Chartpresentation

The document provides an overview of U-Charts, a statistical tool used to monitor process variations and distinguish between common and special causes of variation. It includes a practical example of creating a control chart for nonconformities in an automobile parts manufacturing process, detailing steps for calculating control limits and analyzing data. The conclusion emphasizes the utility of U-Charts in maintaining process stability and addressing variations effectively.

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sammush79
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

U-Chartpresentation

The document provides an overview of U-Charts, a statistical tool used to monitor process variations and distinguish between common and special causes of variation. It includes a practical example of creating a control chart for nonconformities in an automobile parts manufacturing process, detailing steps for calculating control limits and analyzing data. The conclusion emphasizes the utility of U-Charts in maintaining process stability and addressing variations effectively.

Uploaded by

sammush79
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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U-Chart

Presented By:

Syed Arif Zaki IM - 047


Mirza Fasih Ahmed IM - 052
Contents
• Control Chart (brief Description)
• Demonstration by Practical Example
• Conclusion
• Quote
WHAT IS A CONTROL CHART?
Common Cause variation is created by many
factors, that are commonly part of the process,
A statistical tool used to distinguish
and are acting totally at random and independent
of each other (Materials, Equipment, People,

between process variation resulting


Environment, Methods).

from common causes and special


causes. Special Cause variation is created by a non-
random event leading to an unexpected change in
It presents a graphic display of
the process output. If Special Causes of variation
are present, the process output is not stable over

process stability or instability over


time and is not predictable.
Selection of wrong Tools, Designing errors.

the time.
Why Use Control Charts?

1.Monitor process variation over time


2. Differentiate between special cause
and common cause variation
3.Communicate process performance
4.Take the preventive actions immediately
when find abnormalities
5.Assess effectiveness of changes
Variable data are
measured on a

Control Chart Selection


continuous scale. For Attribute data are
example: time, weight, counted and cannot
distance or temperature have fractions or
can be measured in decimals. Attribute
fractions or decimals.
data arise when you
The possibility of
measuring to greater are determining
Quality Characteristic
precision defines variable
data
only the presence
or absence :

variable attribute success or failure,


accept or reject,
correct or not
defective defectcorrect.

no
n>1? x and MR
yes constant
yes constant
p or sampling
sample
np unit?
n>=10 or no size?
x and R
computer? yes no
no
yes
p-chart with c u
x and s variable sample
size
5
How to develop & analyze U-Charts:
• Assemble data for the periods of
interest.
• Calculate the data central line.
• Calculate the upper and lower control
limits.
• Plot central line, and control limits.
• Study the charts for stability and/or
trends.
Form of a Control Chart

Upper Control
Limit (UCL)

Central
Line (CL)

Lower Control
Limit (LCL)
CL = (Central Line) Average of Statistic
UCL = CL + a σ Where σ = √ū / ni
LCL = CL - a σ
How to Calculate the CL, UCL & LCL

• If we find x total nonconformities in a


sample of n inspection units, then the
average number of nonconformities per
inspection unit is u = x/n.
• The control limits for the average number of
nonconformities is

_

m _
_ x
i 1 i
_
u
_
u
u i m UCL u  3 LCL u  3
 i 1 i
n ni ni
Let us consider an example from
an automobile parts manufacturer
A manufacturer wants to build a control chart for
nonconformities per unit on the final assembly line. 15
samples were collected, the sample size varies and the
number of total nonconformities per sample is
registered:
Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 SUM

n 5 8 4 3 6 8 4 5 7 4 6 9 4 5 3 81

x 10 12 8 12 10 16 11 7 10 15 9 15 7 11 12 165

Nonconformities, central line and limits are computed by using a spreadsheet:


U-Chart (Graphical Presentation)
We obtain the following u-chart which shows an in-
control process.
u-chart

5.0

4.0

3.0 u
ubar
2.0
u

UCL
1.0 LCL
0.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
-1.0
Sample number
Conclusion
U chart is a useful tool and can be used when,
• controlling ongoing processes by finding and correcting
problems as they occur.
• predicting the expected range of outcomes from a process.
• determining whether a process is stable (in statistical control).
• analyzing patterns of process variation from special causes
(non-routine events) or common causes (built into the
process).
Quote:
“If we did not make use of quality
tools, we would soon find ourselves
unable to serve our community in
terms of adding value to the
learning experience”
By: Dr. Frank K. Tada
(Member of ASQ)
Thank you

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