ACE: A SERVE THAT RESULTS DIRECTLY IN A POINT, USUALLY WHEN THE

BALL HITS THE FLOOR UNTOUCHED ON THE RECEIVING TEAM’S SIDE OF

THE COURT.
ASSIST: HELPING A TEAMMATE SET UP FOR A KILL.
ATTACK: THE OFFENSIVE ACTION OF HITTING THE BALL.
ATTACKER: ALSO “HITTER” AND “SPIKER.” A PLAYER WHO ATTEMPTS TO
HIT A BALL OFFENSIVELY WITH THE PURPOSE OF TERMINATING PLAY.
ATTACK BLOCK: THE DEFENSIVE TEAM’S ATTEMPT TO BLOCK A SPIKED
BALL.
ATTACK ERROR: AN ATTACK BOTCHED IN ONE OF 5 WAYS: BALL
LANDS OUT OF BOUNDS; BALL GOES INTO NET; ATTACKER COMMITS
CENTER LINE OR NET VIOLATION OR ATTACKER ILLEGALLY
CONTACTS BALL.
BACK SET: SET DELIVERED BEHIND THE SETTER.
BASELINE: THE BACK BOUNDARY OF THE COURT. ALSO CALLED THE
END LINE
BLOCK: ONE OF THE 6 BASIC SKILLS. A DEFENSIVE PLAY BY ONE OR
MORE FRONT-ROW PLAYERS MEANT TO INTERCEPT A SPIKED
BALL.THE COMBINATION OF ONE, 2 OR 3 PLAYERS JUMPING IN FRONT
OF THE OPPOSING SPIKER AND CONTACTING THE SPIKED BALL WITH
THE HANDS.
DINK: A ONE-HANDED, SOFT HIT INTO THE OPPONENT’S COURT
USING THE FINGERTIPS. ALSO CALLED A TIP.
DOUBLE BLOCK: TWO PLAYERS WORKING IN UNISON TO
INTERCEPT A BALL AT THE NET.
DOUBLE HIT VIOLATION: TWO SUCCESSIVE HITS BY THE SAME
PLAYER.
DEUCE: IF BOTH TEAMS ARE TIED ON 24 POINTS AT THE END OF THE
MATCH, A DEUCE PLAY WILL BE PLAYED AND IT WILL DETERMINE
WHO WINS THE MATCH BY 2 POINT MARGIN.
FLOATER: A SERVE WITH NO SPIN SO THE BALL FOLLOWS AN ERRATIC
PATH.
FOREARM PASS: SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS THE “PASS,” “BUMP” OR
“DIG”.
FREE BALL: RETURNING THE BALL TO THE OPPONENT WITHOUT THE
INTENT TO GET A KILL. USUALLY A SLOW, ARCING PASS OR “ROLL” SHOT
RATHER THAN A SPIKE.

FRONT-ROW: THREE PLAYERS WHOSE COURT POSITION IS IN FRONT

OF THE ATTACK LINE (3M/10 FOOT), NEAR THE NET. THESE PLAYERS
ARE IN POSITIONS 2, 3 & 4 ON THE COURT.
 LINE-UP: PLAYERS STARTING ROTATION AND, THEREFORE, SERVING
ORDER. NUMBERED 1,2,3,4,5,6.

LINE SERVE: A STRAIGHT-AHEAD SERVE LANDING NEAR THE

OPPONENT’S LEFT SIDELINE.

JUMP SERVE: THE SERVER USES AN APPROACH, TOSS, TAKEOFF AND

SERVES THE BALL WITH A SPIKING MOTION WHILE IN THE AIR.
THERE ARE TWO MAIN TYPES: JUMP FLOAT, JUMP SPIN.
KILL: AN ATTACK THAT RESULTS DIRECTLY IN A POINT OR SIDE OUT.
LINESMAN: OFFICIALS LOCATED AT THE CORNERS OF THE
COURT; EACH LINESMAN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR RULING IF THE
BALL IS LEGALLY IN PLAY ALONG THE LINES FOR WHICH HE
OR SHE IS RESPONSIBLE. FOR INDICATING TOUCHES AND PLAY
OUTSIDE OF THE ANTENNAE ON THEIR SIDE OF NET.
OFFICIATING AND HAND
SIGNALS IN VOLLEYBALL
As in most sporting competitions, volleyball employs
referees in order to control the flow of the game and
enforce the rules. without them, the fast-paced game
could easily get out of hand if disputes regarding rules
were to arise.
THE VOLLEYBALL REFEREE TEAM INCLUDES:

1. THE FIRST REFEREE

2. THE SECOND REFEREE
3. THE SCOREKEEPER
4. ASSISTANT SCOREKEEPER OR LIBERO
TRACKER
5. TWO (2) LINE JUDGES
VOLLEYBALL OFFICIALS
AND THEIR DUTIES
• The referee is the individual at the center of the court, dressed in black and
white stripes.
• Before the match begins, the first referee inspects the equipment and the
players’
uniforms. The warm-ups and the coin toss also fall under the jurisdiction of the
first referee.
• Throughout the match, the first referee make calls regarding faults and scoring
issues. Following the match, the first referee notes the score and signs the
official paperwork.
• The second referee works to assist the first referee throughout the
game. If for some reason the first referee can’t finish his duties, the
second referee may take the place of the first referee.
• The second referee stands next to the post opposite the first referee.
In addition to assisting the first referee with determining faults
throughout the game, the second referee is in charge of all
substitutions, timeouts and the actions of the scorer’s table.
• Once the game begins, scorekeepers not only track points, but also
player substitutions, sanctions and time-outs. The scorekeeper keeps an
eye on the individual serving the ball to track the rotation and notify
referees of potential lapses. At the close of the game, the scorekeeper
records the final score of the game.
• The assistant scorekeeper or libero tracker is responsible
for updating the scoreboard and keeping an eye on the
libero. The libero tracking duty was added in 1999. This
individual records changes in the libero rotation, notifying
referees when problems occur in the rotation.
• At least two, and as many as four, line judges monitor each game.
The line judges stand at the corners of the court.
• These officials often use flags to signal when a ball is in or out, hits
the antennae of the net, or when the server commits a foot fault, or
steps outside the line as they serve.
VOLLEYBALL
HAND SIGNALS
AUTHORISATION TO SERVE
Move the hand to indicate direction of
service
TEAM TO SERVE
Extend the arm to the side of team that
will serve
CHANGE OF COURTS
Raise the forearms front and back and
twist them around the body
TIME-OUT
Place the palm of one hand over the
fingers of the other, held vertically
(forming a T) and thenindicate the
requesting team
SUBSTITUTION

Circular motion of the forearms around

each other
MISCONDUCT WARNING

Show a yellow card for warning

END OF SET (OR MATCH)

Cross the forearms in front of the chest,

hands open
BALL NOT TOSSED OR RELEASED AT THE SERVICE HIT

Lift the extended arm, the palm of the

hand facing upwards
DELAY IN SERVICE

Raise eight fingers, spread open

BLOCKING FAULT OR SCREENING
Raise both arms vertically, palms
forward
POSITIONAL OR ROTATIONAL FAULT

Make a circular motion with the

forefinger
BALL “IN”

Point the arm and fingers toward the

floor
BALL “OUT”

Raise the forearms vertically, hands open,

palms towards the body
CATCH

Slowly lift the forearm, palm of the hand

facing upwards
DOUBLE CONTACT

Raise two fingers, spread open

FOUR HITS

Raise four fingers, spread open

NET TOUCHED BY PLAYER – SERVED BALL TOUCHES
THE NET BETWEEN THE ANTENNAE AND DOES NOT PASS
THE VERTICAL PLANE OF THE NET

Indicate the relevant side of the net with

the corresponding hand
REACHING BEYOND THE NET

Place a hand above the net, palm facing

downwards
ATTACK HIT FAULT

Make a downward motion with the

forearm, hand open
PENETRATION INTO THE OPPONENT COURT BALL
CROSSING THE LOWER SPACE OR THE SERVER TOUCHES
THE COURT (END LINE) OR THE PLAYER STEPS OUTSIDE
HIS/HER COURT AT THE MOMENT OF THE SERVICE HIT

Point to the center line or to the relevant line

DOUBLE FAULT AND REPLAY

Raise both thumbs vertically

BALL TOUCHED

Brush with the palm of one hand the

fingers of the other, held vertically
SOURCE:
http://www.fivb.org/EN/Refereeing-
Rules/Documents/
FIVB_Volleyball_Hand_Signal_Poster_2
017-2020.pdf