Introduction to Pumps

Pumps are essential mechanical devices that are used to

move fluids, such as liquids and gases, from one location to
another. They play a crucial role in a wide range of
industries, including water treatment, power generation,
manufacturing, and more. In this presentation, we will
explore the different types of pumps, their key features, and
the criteria used to select the appropriate pump for a given
application.
BM
by Bhyrappa M
Centrifugal Pumps
How They Work Common Applications Advantages

Centrifugal pumps use an Centrifugal pumps are widely Some key advantages of
impeller that rotates within a used in a variety of centrifugal pumps include their
casing to create a pressure applications, including water simple design, low maintenance
difference, which in turn causes supply, irrigation, sewage requirements, and ability to
the fluid to flow. As the impeller treatment, and industrial handle a wide range of fluid
spins, it creates a low-pressure processes. They are known for viscosities. They are also
zone at the center, drawing the their high efficiency, compact generally less expensive than
fluid into the pump. The fluid is design, and ability to handle other pump types, making
then flung outwards by the large fluid volumes at relatively them a cost-effective solution
rotating impeller, creating a low pressures. for many applications.
high-pressure zone at the
pump's discharge.
Positive Displacement Pumps
1 Principle of 2 Variety of Types 3 Key Advantages
Operation
Positive displacement The main advantages of
Positive displacement pumps come in a variety of positive displacement
pumps work by trapping a types, including pumps include their ability
fixed volume of fluid and reciprocating pumps (such to handle high-viscosity
then forcing it through the as piston and diaphragm fluids, their high discharge
pump's discharge. As the pumps) and rotary pumps pressure capabilities, and
pump mechanism (such as (such as gear, vane, and their positive flow
a piston or rotor) moves, it screw pumps). Each type characteristics, which
creates a vacuum that has its own unique features make them well-suited for
draws the fluid into the and is suited for different metering and dosing
pump, and then pushes the applications. applications.
fluid out through the
discharge.
Reciprocating Pumps
1 Piston Pumps
Piston pumps use a piston that moves back and forth within a cylinder to create a vacuum
and push the fluid through the pump. They are known for their high-pressure capabilities
and are commonly used in applications such as hydraulic systems and high-pressure
cleaning equipment.

2 Diaphragm Pumps
Diaphragm pumps use a flexible membrane or diaphragm that flexes back and forth to
draw in and expel the fluid. They are well-suited for handling abrasive, corrosive, or viscous
fluids, and are often used in chemical processing, water treatment, and industrial
applications.

3 Plunger Pumps
Plunger pumps use a reciprocating plunger that moves in and out of a cylinder to create
suction and discharge. They are known for their high-pressure capabilities and are
commonly used in applications such as high-pressure cleaning, hydraulic systems, and oil
and gas production.
Rotary Pumps
Gear Pumps Vane Pumps Screw Pumps

Gear pumps use two Vane pumps use a rotor with Screw pumps use one or more
interlocking gears that rotate in sliding vanes that create helical screws that rotate to
opposite directions to create a chambers within the pump move the fluid through the
vacuum and push the fluid housing to draw in and expel pump. They are known for their
through the pump. They are the fluid. They are known for ability to handle high-viscosity
known for their simple design, their smooth and quiet fluids, as well as their self-
high efficiency, and ability to operation, as well as their priming capabilities. Screw
handle a wide range of fluid ability to handle a wide range of pumps are commonly used in
viscosities. Gear pumps are fluid viscosities. Vane pumps applications such as oil and gas
commonly used in hydraulic are often used in automotive processing, chemical
systems, oil and gas applications, hydraulic systems, processing, and wastewater
applications, and industrial and industrial equipment. treatment.
machinery.
Submersible Pumps
Designed for Underwater Use Compact and Efficient
Submersible pumps are designed to be fully submerged Submersible pumps are typically compact and
in the fluid they are pumping, which allows them to be lightweight, making them easy to install and maintain.
used in a variety of applications, such as water wells, They are also known for their high energy efficiency, as
sewage treatment, and flood control. They are the motor is submerged in the fluid, which helps to cool
constructed to be waterproof and can operate while it and reduce energy losses.
completely submerged in the fluid.

Wide Range of Applications Durable Construction

Submersible pumps are used in a wide range of Submersible pumps are built to withstand the harsh
applications, including water supply, wastewater environments in which they operate, with features such
treatment, mining, and construction. They are as corrosion-resistant materials, waterproof seals, and
particularly well-suited for situations where the pump heavy-duty motors. This makes them a reliable and long-
needs to be placed in a submerged or underground lasting solution for many industrial and commercial
location, such as in a well or a flooded area. applications.
Pump Selection Criteria

Flow Rate Pressure Fluid Properties Energy Efficiency

Requirements
The required flow rate is The characteristics of Energy efficiency is an
a key factor in selecting The desired discharge the fluid, such as increasingly important
the appropriate pump for pressure is another viscosity, temperature, factor, as it can have a
an application. The important consideration and corrosiveness, can significant impact on
pump must be able to when choosing a pump. significantly impact the operating costs.
deliver the necessary The pump must be able pump's performance and Selecting a pump with
volume of fluid within to overcome the durability. The pump high energy efficiency
the required time frame. system's resistance and must be compatible with can lead to significant
deliver the fluid at the the specific fluid being long-term cost savings.
required pressure. pumped.
Conclusion
In conclusion, pumps are essential components in a wide
range of industries, serving critical functions in the
movement and transfer of fluids. Understanding the different
types of pumps, their key features, and the criteria for
selecting the appropriate pump is crucial for designing and
maintaining effective fluid handling systems. By carefully
evaluating factors such as flow rate, pressure requirements,
fluid properties, and energy efficiency, engineers and
technicians can choose the most suitable pump for their
specific application, ensuring optimal performance,
reliability, and cost-effectiveness.