Overview

• Stoichiometry = “element” “measure”

– A way to describe quantities in chemical reactions
• Mole ratio = ratio of substances in a chemical rxn
that can be used as a conversion factor
– Ex. 2Al2O3(l)  4Al(s) +3O2(g)
• There are 2 mol of Al2O3 for every 3 mol of O2 ∴ 2 mol of
Al2O3 = 3 mol of O2
Both of these
• This can be written as:
formats are
useful when
2 mol Al2O3 3 mol O2
or converting
3 mol O2 2 mol Al2O3 units with
conversion
factors
 Practice Time!
1. Write all possible mole ratios for the following
reaction:
2HgO(s)  2Hg(l) + O2(g)
 Overview
MOLE MAP

Use Use
molar Use mole molar
mass ratio from mass
balanced
equation

*The equation MUST be balanced correctly in order to

have the correct mole ratio for all stoich problems!!
 Type 1: mol  mol
MOLE MAP

• Example: Consider the decomposition reaction of

2KClO3(s)  2KCl(s) + 3O2(g). How many moles of
potassium chlorate are needed to make 15 moles of
oxygen gas?
15 mol O2 2 mol KClO3 30 mol KClO3
15 mol of O2 =
mol of KClO3 = ? 3 mol O2 3
2 mol KClO3 = 3 mol O2 = 10 mol KClO3
 Practice Time!
Type 1: mol  mol

1. If the following reaction starts with 14.0 mol of

hydrogen gas, how many moles of nitrogen
trihydride (ammonia) will be produced?
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)

2. Write and balance the combustion reaction that

occurs between tricarbon octohydride and oxygen
gas. Then determine how many moles of carbon
dioxide would be produced if you begin with 4.25
mol of oxygen gas.
 Type 2: mol  g
MOLE MAP

• Example: Consider the reaction of CO2(g) +

2LiOH(s)  Li2CO3(s) + H2O(l). What mass, in grams,
of lithium carbonate is produced if you start with 5.00
mol of carbon dioxide?
5.00 mol of CO2
g of Li2CO3 = ?
1 mol CO2 = 1 mol Li2CO3
Molar mass of Li2CO3 = ?
 Type 2: mol  g
Example: Consider the reaction of CO2(g) + 2LiOH(s) 
Li2CO3(s) + H2O(l). What mass, in grams, of lithium
carbonate is produced if you start with 5.00 mol of
carbon dioxide?
5.00 mol of CO2 Molar mass of Li2CO3 = 2(6.94) + 1(12.01)
g of Li2CO3 = ? + 3(16.00)
1 mol CO2 = 1 mol Li2CO3 Molar mass of Li2CO3 = 13.88 + 12.01 +
Molar mass of Li2CO3 = ? 48.00
Molar mass of Li2CO3 = 73.89 g/mol

5.00 mol CO2 1 mol Li2CO3 73.89 g Li2CO3 369.45 g Li2CO3

=
1 mol CO2 1 mol Li2CO3 1
= 369 g Li2CO3
 Practice Time!
Type 2: mol  g

1. How many grams of ammonia are produced when

hydrogen reacts with 7.00 mol of nitrogen?
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)

2. What mass, in grams, of aluminum sulfate can be

made from the following reaction if you start with
1.25 mol of aluminum chloride?
2AlCl3 + 3K2SO4  6KCl + Al2(SO4)3
 Type 3: g  mol
MOLE MAP

• Example: How many moles of oxygen gas will be

produced from 50.78 g of carbon dioxide in the
following reaction?
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
50.78 g of CO2
mol of O2 = ?
6 mol CO2 = 6 mol O2
Molar mass of CO2 = ?
 Type 3: g  mol
Example: How many moles of oxygen gas will be
produced from 50.78 g of carbon dioxide in the following
reaction? 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
50.78 g of CO2 Molar mass of CO2 = 1(12.01) + 2(16.00)
mol of O2 = ? Molar mass of CO2 = 12.01 + 32.00
6 mol CO2 = 6 mol O2 Molar mass of CO2 = 44.01 g/mol
Molar mass of CO2 = ?

50.78 g CO2 1 mol CO2 6 mol O2 304.68 mol O2

=
44.01 g CO2 6 mol CO2 264.06

= 1.154 mol O2
 Practice Time!
Type 3: g  mol

1. How many mol of ammonia are produced when

nitrogen reacts with 50.0 g of hydrogen gas?
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)

2. How many mol of potassium chloride can be made

from the following reaction if you start with 32.5 g of
potassium sulfate?
2AlCl3 + 3K2SO4  6KCl + Al2(SO4)3
 Type 4: g  g
MOLE MAP

• Example: How many grams of water can be

produced from 45.00 g of oxygen gas in the following
reaction? 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
45.00 g of O2
g of H2O = ?
5 mol O2 = 6 mol H2O
Molar mass of O2 = ?
Molar mass of H2O = ?
 Type 4: g  g
Example: How many grams of water can be produced
from 45.00 g of oxygen gas in the following reaction?
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)  4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
45.00 g of O2 Molar mass of O2 = Molar mass of H2O =
g of H2O = ? 2(16.00) 2(1.008) + 1(16.00)
5 mol O2 = 6 mol H2O Molar mass of O2 = Molar mass of H2O =
Molar mass of O2 = ? 32.00 g/mol 2.016 + 16.00
Molar mass of H2O =
Molar mass of H2O = ?
18.02 g/mol
45.00 g O2 1 mol O2 6 mol H2O 18.02 g H2O 4865.4 g H2O
=
32.00 g O2 5 mol O2 1 mol H2O 160.0

= 30.41 g H2O
 Practice Time!
Type 4: g  g

1. How many grams of nitrogen are needed to

produce 30.0 grams of ammonia?
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)

2. How many g of potassium chloride can be made

from the following reaction if you start with 5.0 g of
aluminum chloride?
2AlCl3 + 3K2SO4  6KCl + Al2(SO4)3
 Practice:
Stoichiometry