COGNITIVE DISSONANCE &

Levels of
Consciousnes
s

ADD A SHORT DESCRIPTION

 Define cognitive dissonance in relation to the
levels of consciousness and explain their
significance;

e c t i v e s Analyze historical perspectives and theories r

b j
OAt the end of thealeble to:
s s o n ,
elated to cognitive dissonance and levels of c
onsciousness;

w i l l b e Identify real-life experiences and situations

e n ts
stud where cognitive dissonance and levels of co
nsciousness occur
;
Explore ways to manage and minimize
cognitive dissonance and to understand and
relate on the levels of consciousness.
Remember these
concepts: COGNITIVE

The mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and

reasoning as constructed with emotional and process.

DISSONANCE

Conflict or unease

Tension that results from the combination or clash of two

incompatible elements
Cognitive
Dissonance

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Defining Cognitive BACK TO AGENDA PAGE

Dissonance

A feeling of discomfort due

to inconsistent thoughts A state of mental
or behaviors. conflict
 Leon Festinger
Born : 8th May 1919 (New York City)
Died : 11th February 1989
Education
1939 : Bachelor of Science degree. City
College of New York
1942 : Ph.D. in psychology, lowa State
University
Career
University of Rochester
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT)
The University of Michigan
Leon Festinger first proposed the theory
of cognitive dissonance centered on how
people try to reach internal consistency

Inconsistent or conflicting beliefs

lead to disharmony, which people
strive to avoid.

In his 1957 book, "A Theory of

Cognitive Dissonance.
Some signs that what you are
feeling might be related to
dissonance include:
• Feeling uncomfortable before doing something or making a
decision.
• Trying to justify or rationalize a decision that you've made or
an action you have taken
• Feeling embarrassed or ashamed about something you've
done and trying to hide your actions from other people
• Experiencing guilt or regret about something you've done in
the. Doing things because of social pressure or a fear of
missing out (FOMO), even if it wasn't something you wanted
to do
 Causes:
1.Forced Compliance
2.New Information
3.Decisions
 Influences on Cognitive
·The
Dissonance:
importance attached to each belief. Cognitions that are more
personal, such as beliefs about the self, and highly valued tend to result in
greater dissonance.
·The number of dissonant beliefs. The more dissonant (clashing) thoughts
you have the greater the strength of the dissonance.
·Cognitive dissonance can often have a powerful influence on our
behaviors and actions. It doesn't just influence how you feel—it also
motivates you to take action to reduce feelings of discomfort.
•Cognitive dissonance can make people feel uneasy and uncomfortable,
particularly if the disparity between their beliefs and behaviors involves
something that is central to their sense of self.
This discomfort can manifest
itself in a variety of ways.
People may feel:
1.Anxiety
2.Embarassment
3.Regret
4.Sadness
5.Stress
Impact of Cognitive
Dissonance:
Adopting beliefs or ideas to help justify or explain away the conflict
between their beliefs or behaviors. This can sometimes involve blaming
other people or outside factors.

Hiding their beliefs or behaviors from other people. People may feel
ashamed of their conflicting beliefs and behaviors, so hiding the disparity
from others can help minimize feelings of shame and guilt.

Only seeking out information that confirms their existing beliefs. This
phenomenon, known as the confirmation bias, affects the ability to
think critically about a situation but helps minimize feelings of
dissonance.
 How to deal with Cognitive
Dissonance?
Dealing with cognitive dissonance involves adding supportive beliefs,
reducing the importance of conflicting beliefs, or changing one's belief to
resolve internal contradictions.

Adding Reducing the

importance of the Changing your
more
conflicting belief. belief
supportive
beliefs
 Pitfalls of Cognitive
Cognitive dissonance can sometimes lead to unhealthy behaviors or poor decisions
Dissonance
as individuals try to justify their conflicting thoughts and actions.

There are several ways a person might resolve cognitive dissonance:

Some individuals may prioritize their immediate pleasures, deciding that they value
smoking more than they value long-term health benefits.

Others might downplay the risks by convincing themselves that the negative health
effects of smoking are exaggerated or that they cannot avoid all risks in life.

Another common justification is believing that quitting smoking will lead to weight
gain, which also poses health concerns, making them feel justified in continuing the
habit
 Carl Jung

Swiss psychiatrist, founder of Analytical

Psychology. Explored the structure of the
human psyche. Introduced concepts like
the collective unconscious, archetypes, and
individuation.
 • A self-regulating system (like the body).
• Strives for balance between opposing forces.
• Actively seeks development (Individuation
process).
• Metaphorical model, not a fixed structure.
 Consciousness
According to Carl Jung, refers to the
awareness of thoughts, feelings, and
experiences in the present moment. It
is the aspect of the psyche that allows
individuals to perceive reality, make
decisions, and maintain a sense of
identity.
 Model of the
psyche with 3
levels of
consciousness
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1.The Ego (Conscious
Mind)
The center of conscious awareness. Includes thoughts,
perceptions, and sense of personal identity. The organizer of
mental functions (thinking, feeling, sensation, intuition).

Arises out of the Self during the course of early

development.
 2. The Personal
Unconscious
A product of the interaction between the collective
unconscious and the development of the individual during
life.
 Complexes
Jung considered that the personal unconscious
is composed of functional units called
complexes, and he reached the concept of the
complex through some important and ground-
breaking work he did as a young man on word
association. Complexes are determined by
experience but also by the individual’s way of
reacting to that experience.
 3. The Collective
Unconscious
One of the distinctive features of Jung’s psychology. He
believed that personality is present in potentia from birth and
is not solely shaped by the environment. Instead, the
environment brings out what is already within the individual.

The collective unconscious refers to a part of the

unconscious mind that is shared among all humans,
containing inherited memories, instincts, and archetypes
that shape human experiences.
 Archetypes
•Archetypes are inherited modes of
functioning, representing patterns of
behavior and thought that shape
human experiences.

•They are universal and appear in

myths, stories, and behaviors.
 The Self
The Self represents the totality of the
psyche, including both conscious and
unconscious elements. It is the
organizing principle that guides
personal growth and integration.
 The Persona
The Persona is the part of the
personality that develops for social
adaptation. It is the "mask" we wear
in public to meet expectations.
 The Shadow
Consists of traits and desires we reject
or repress because they contradict our
conscious identity.

The shadow is part of the personal

unconscious but has roots in the
collective unconscious.

It often contains opposite qualities to

the persona.
 The Anima & Animus – The Inner
Opposites
- Are contrasexual archetypes that
balance the psyche.
Anima: The feminine aspect within a man.
Animus: The masculine aspect within a
woman.
 Individuation
The lifelong process of integrating the
unconscious and conscious parts of the
psyche to achieve wholeness.

•It involves becoming aware of all aspects

of the Self.
•Requires bearing internal conflict to foster
growth.
•Resolution of opposites creates new,
symbolic understandings.
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