PARTS OF SPEECH IN ENGLISH

Lecturer: Byambajav P.
 Parts of Speech (үгийн аймаг)

determiners
pr int
on erj
ou e ct
ns ion
s adjectives
verbs

co
ns nj
un
i ti o ct i
o s on uns
rep s no
p
adver
bs
The nouns are words that name a person, a place, a thing, an animal, and an idea.
Answer the questions ‘What?/Who?’.
• common nouns - general names of persons, places, things and ideas: equipment,
university, friendship etc.
• proper nouns - specific names of persons, places, things and ideas: John,
Mongolia, Russia etc.
• possessive nouns - nouns that show ownership: Tom’s computer, Mary’s gadget
etc.
• compound nouns – nouns made up of two or more nouns: parking lot etc.
The pronouns are words used in place of one or more nouns. Answer the questions ‘Whom?/Where?/Which?’ etc.

Personal Indefinite Demonstrative Interrogative

pronouns pronouns pronouns pronouns
I, me, mine anybody this who
you, you, yours each that whom
he, him, his none these what
she, her, hers someone those which
it one whose
we, us, ours ones etc.
they, them, theirs
The verbs are words that express either an action or a state of being.
 action verbs express mental or physical action: install, inspect, place, run
etc.
Inside electricians repair large motors, equipment, and control
systems in businesses and factories.
 state or linking verbs make a statement by connecting the subject with a
word that describes or explains it: be, feel, have etc.
Electricians have a higher rate of injuries and illnesses than
the national average.
The adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns.
Answer the questions ‘What?/ Which?/What kind?/How many?...’
 possession: his, our, my, her, its, their, your etc.
 quantity or the number: several, many, much etc.
 the quality or opinion: wonderful, friendly etc.
 the size: giant, tiny etc. (fact)
 age: young, old etc.
 shape: round, rectangular, square etc.
 color: black, red, yellow etc.
 proper adjective (nationality, material…): glass, Chinese etc.
The adverbs answer the questions ‘How?/How often?/Where?’ etc.
• Adverbs are words that describe or modify verbs:
Electricians check the wiring quickly. (manner adverb)
A mechanic never repairs a bicycle. (adverb of frequency)
They will go there next week. (adverb of place)
• Adverbs also can describe or modify other adverbs:
They inspect the diagram pretty fast.
• Adverbs can also describe or modify adjectives:
Some engineers work in really hard conditions.
• Frequency adverbs: never, hardly ever, rarely, seldom, occasionally, sometimes, usually,
often, always
• If there is an auxiliary (do, is etc.) or modal verb (can, may etc.) they come between the
auxiliary verb or modal verb and the main verb.
We can’t always get together on the weekends.

I have often seen this manager. She occasionally writes to me.

• Some of these adverbs go before the sentence: already, recently, just, finally, soon, still,
almost, all, currently, also, probably, both, even, hardly, etc.
Finally, we managed to contact him.
Currently, they are negotiating a deal.
Soon, we will have a conference.
The prepositions are words that show a relationship between a noun or pronoun
and another word in the sentence. Answer the questions ‘Where?/When?/How?’
etc.
• describing a place: in, on, behind, next to etc.
The firefighter climbed up the tall building.
• describing time: for, during, in etc.
I am going to Paris for a week.
• describing method: by, in etc.
He gave me answer in writing.
The conjunctions are words that join words or groups of words.

 Coordinating conjunctions: and, but, or, so, yet, for, nor etc.
 Subordinating conjunctions: because, after, although, if etc.
 Correlative conjunctions: either...or, neither…nor, both…and, not only…but
also etc.
 Conjunctive adverbs: however, therefore, in addition etc.
Conj. Uses Examples

for explains reason or purpose (just like I go to the park every Sunday, for I long
"because") to see his face.
and adds one thing to another I like to read, and I write faithfully in my
journal every night.
nor used to present an alternative negative idea I neither love nor hate to watch TV.
to an already stated negative idea
but shows contrast Television is a wonderful escape, but it
interferes with my writing.
or presents an alternative or a choice Would you rather read a book or watch a
good TV show?
yet introduces a contrasting idea that follows I always take a book to the beach, yet I
the preceding idea logically (similar to never seem to turn a single page.
"but")
so indicates effect, result or consequence I like to read, so my grammar is always
on-point.
The interjections are exclamatory words without any grammatical value and
express emotion. They are common in spoken English.

Examples: Wow!, Ouch!, Ugh!, Aww! etc.

If you are in the cinema and your kids are talking, you can say:
“Shhh! The movie’s about to start.”
Determiners, limit or "determine" a noun, which are considered as “a/an, the, two,
some, many, a few… etc.”

• A mechanic has two hand tools and some machine tools.

• They inspected problem of the broken engine.
• There are a few tires in my garage.
Exercise 1: Choose the answer option that identifies the underlined words in the
sentences.

1. He will visit his grandparents for two weeks this summer.

a. adverb b. conjunction c. determiner d. pronoun
2. Silently read your book.
a. adjective b. adverb c. preposition d. verb
3. Hey! put that down!
a. adjective b. adverb c. interjection d. noun
4. Liam brought his notebook to his class.
a. adverb b. conjunction c. noun d. pronoun
5. Your test scores were almost perfect.
a. adjective b. adverb c. noun d. pronoun
6. Please join us for the birthday party this afternoon.
a. conjunction b. interjection c. pronoun d. verb
7. French onion soup is on the lunch menu.
a. adjective b. adverb c. conjunction d. noun
8. The coach jumped for joy.
a. adjective b. conjunction c. preposition d. verb
9. Classes will resume in the fall.
a. noun b. preposition c. pronoun d. verb
10. Fathers and sons enjoy taking long fishing trips to the lake.
a. adverb b. conjunction c. noun d.
preposition
Exercise 2: Identify the part of speech for each word in bold.

When 1. Mary Lennox 2. was 3. sent to Misselthwaite Manor to live 4. with her
uncle everybody said she was the 5. most disagreeable-looking child ever seen. It
was true, too. 6. She had a little thin face 7. and a little thin body, thin light hair, and
8. a 9. sour expression. Her 10. hair was 11. yellow, and her face was brown, 12.
because she had been born in 13. India and had 14. always been ill in one way 15.
or another.
1._____________ 2.____________ 3.___________
4._____________ 5.____________ 6.___________
7._____________ 8.____________ 9.___________
10.____________ 11.___________ 12.__________
13._____________ 14.___________ 15.___________
THANK YOU FOR

YOUR ATTENTION