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vehicle structures-unit 1

The document provides an overview of automobile body design and construction, focusing on the chassis as the essential framework that supports all vehicle components. It discusses various types of chassis and frames, their materials, and the loads they must withstand. Additionally, it covers the significance of vehicle aerodynamics and the forces acting on automobiles during motion.

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gideonmusaasizi
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4 views

vehicle structures-unit 1

The document provides an overview of automobile body design and construction, focusing on the chassis as the essential framework that supports all vehicle components. It discusses various types of chassis and frames, their materials, and the loads they must withstand. Additionally, it covers the significance of vehicle aerodynamics and the forces acting on automobiles during motion.

Uploaded by

gideonmusaasizi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Auto body design and

construction for cars


TYPES OF AUTOMOBILES
VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION
VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION
Chassis
• To construct any automobile, Chassis is the
basic requirement.
• Chassis is the backbone of the vehicle.
• It is the mounting of all the components
including the body. It is also called as carrying
unit.
LAYOUT OF CHASSIS
CLASSIFICATION OF CHASSIS
According to the fitting of engine
Main component of Chassis
• Frame.
• Front suspension.
• Steering Mechanism.
• Engine, Clutch and Gear Box.
• Radiator.
• Wheels.
• Propeller Shaft.
• Differential Units
Main Component of Chassis
• Clutch.
• Gear Box.
• Front Axle.
• Rear Axle
FRAME
• The Frame is the foundation for carrying the
Engine and body of the Vehicle.
• It is also carries steering, power trains.
• When the Engine, Wheels, Power trains,
Brackets and Steering system are fitted on the
frame, the assembly is known as Chassis.
FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Materials for Frame
 Mild steel sheet, Carbon steel sheet and Nickel alloy
steel sheet
The composition of Nickel alloy steel sheet
• Carbon - 0.25 to 0.35%
• Manganese – 0.35 to 0.75%
• Silicon – 0.30% (maximum)
• Nickel – 3%
• Phosphorus – 0.05% (max)
• Sulphur – 0.5% (max)
TYPES OF FRAME
1. CONVENTIONAL FRAME CONSTRUCTION
2. SEMI-INTEGRAL FRAME CONSTRUCTION
3. INTEGRAL OR FRAMELESS CONSTRUCTION
Conventional Frame
• It is also Known as Non-Load Carrying Frame,
here the load on the Vehicles are transferred
to the Suspension.
• These type of Frame is not suited to resist
torsion
• It mostly uses Channel Section, Tubular
Section and Box Section.
Integral Frame or frameless
• This frame is used now a days in most of the
cars, there is no frame and all the assembly
units are attached to the body.

• In this construction there is no frame and all


assembly units are attached to the body.
• They are assemble by using large number of
mild steel pressing
FRAMELESS CONSTRUCTION
Semi Integral Frame
• In some Vehicle half Frame is fixed in the
front end on which engine gear box and front
suspension is mounted.
• This types of frame load will be transferred to
the body.
• The frame however is heavy.
Semi Integral Frame
Loads on chassis frame
1. Loads of short duration
2. Combined loads of momentary duration
3. Inertia loads
4. Impact loads
5. Load due to road camber
6. Load due to wheel impact
7. Static loads
8. overloads
DEFECTS IN FRAME
1. Misalignment in horizontal and vertical plane
2. Twisting of main frame and sub-frames
3. Buckled main frame and sub-frames
4. Bent side members and dumb iron
5. Broken or loose gusset plates and rivets
Automobile Body
• Body is the super structure for all vehicles. It
may either be constructed separately and
bolted or manufactured integral with chassis.
• A body consist of windows, Doors, Engine
Cover, roof, Luggage cover etc.,
• The 60 to 70 % of the vehicle weight is
contributed by the Body.
Type of Body
• Car.
• Straight truck.
• Truck-Half Body.
• Truck-Platform.
• Tractor.
• Tractor with articulator trailer.
• Tanker.
• Dumper Truck.
Types of body
COMPONENTS OF CAR BODY
Body construction and its components

a). Structure: All load carrying elements are


defined as structure.
b). Finish: This group includes all unstressed
units such as bonnet, boot, lid, bumper etc.
c). Equipment: This group includes various parts
such as rim, seats, doors, window etc.
Floor assembly of a car
Materials for Body Construction
• The Material used for Construction parts of
the body are-
• Wood, Plastics, Toughened glass and
Aluminum.
• Wooden bodies requires a separate sheet
chassis frame to carry the load. It has low life
span and initial cost is high.
Vehicle Aerodynamics
• Automotive Aerodynamics is the study of the
aerodynamics of road Vehicles.
• Its main goals are reducing drag and wind
noise, Minimizing noise emission and
preventing undesired lift force that cause
aerodynamics Instability at high speeds.
• It is important to produce downforce to
improve traction and thus cornering abilities.
Types of resistance caused to vehicle
• Broadly the resistance can be categorized into
following categories-
1. Air Resistance.
2. Gradient Resistance.
3. Rolling Resistance.
4. Inertia Force.
RESISTANCES TO VEHICLE MOTION
1. Air resistance:
a. Size of vehicle b. Shape
c. Speed d. Wind velocity
2.Gradient resistances:
The component of the vehicle’s weight which is
parallel to the plane of the road. This component
remains constant but independent of the vehicle
speed.
3. Miscellaneous resistance:
a. Road characteristics b. Tyre characteristics
AERODYNAMICS OF AUTOMOBILE BODY
i) Drag force(Fx)
ii) Lift force(Fz)
iii) Cross wind force(Fy)
Drag force(Fx)
FX = CX ρv2A/2
Where
CX= drag coefficient
ρ= density of air
V= velocity of air
A = projected area of the vehicle viewed
from front
Lift force(Fz)
Fz = Cz ρv2A/2
Where
Cz= lift coefficient
ρ= density of air
V= velocity of air
A = projected area of the vehicle viewed
from front
Cross wind force(Fy)

• Pitching moment(MY): Is caused by the drag


force or lift force about y axis. This moment
makes the rear wheels lift off from the ground
and further it reduces the available traction.
• Yawing moment(Mz): Is caused by the cross
wind force (Fy) about Z.
• Rolling moment(My): is caused by the cross
wind force (Fy) about Z.

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