CCEE341-CHAPTER 5

AM Transmitter

Prepared by: Prof. Oussama Mustapha

 Presentation outlines

 DSB AM transmitter

 SSB AM transmitter

 ISB AM transmitter

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DSB AM Transmitter Block Diagram

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 DSB AM Transmitter Block Diagram

Microphone: Is a transducer which converts sound waves

into electrical waves.

Pre-amplifier: Pre-amplifies and filter out the electrical

signal received from the microphone.

Audio Amplifier: Provides additional amplification to the

message signal.

Carrier Oscillator: Generates a sinusoidal wave of

constant frequency.
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 DSB AM Transmitter Block Diagram

Buffer Amplifier: It is a unity gain amplifier used to

isolate the oscillator from the frequency multiplier
(stability of oscillation).

Frequency Multiplier: Multiplies the generated signal to

the desired one.

Modulator: AM modulates the carrier signal by the

message signal (DSB-TC, DSB-SC, SSB, VSB, ISB).

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 DSB AM Transmitter Block Diagram

Power Amplifier: Amplifies the power so that the

transmitted power is very high.

Antenna: Converts the electrical energy into

electromagnetic radiation. The antenna must be matched
with the power amplifier for radiating maximum power.

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 Advantages of AM Transmitter

 Simple to generate modulated wave and transmit it.

 Cost effective since circuit is not complex.

 Highest range of communication.

 Allows omni-directional transmission of signal

(Low frequency carrier).

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 Disadvantages of AM Transmitter

 Susceptible to noise.

 Poor power efficiency.

 Low bandwidth (used for speech only).

 Provides no encryption features (The message signal

can be easily eavesdropped).

 It requires huge antenna to transmit and receive signals

due to low frequency.
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 Matching

Stage 1 Stage 2
ZO ZO1

ZI ZI
vi vo=k.vi vi vo=k.vi
vx

zi
v x vo
zi  z o
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 Matching

Stage 1 Stage 2
ZO ZO1

ZI ZI
vi vo=k.vi vi vo=k.vi
vx

zi Zo 0  v x vo
v x vo
zi  z o Zi    v x vo
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 Power Matching

r
I

V
R

V 2 V 2 dP
I P I .R [ ] R 0  R r
rR rR dR

To have a maximum power transfer, the output impedance of the first

stage should be equal to the input impedance of the second stage.
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 Isolation

Stage 1 Isolation Stage 2

U1

7
R2 3
6
10 RV2
2

4
1
5
+5.00

76%
741
Volts BAT2 +5.00
5V Volts

1k

The buffer amplifier (Follower or Unity gain amplifier) has a

very high input impedance and a very low output impedance.
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 DSB-SC Modulator

vo (t ) (v1  v2 ) 2  (v1  v2 ) 2 v12  v22  v1v2  v12  v22  v1v2 2v1v2

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DSB-SC Modulator

Log (v1 ) Log (v1 )  Log (v2 ) Log (v1v2 )

vo v1v2

Log (v2 )

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 DSB-SC Modulator

vx

2 2 2
vx a (v1  v2 )  b(v1  v2 ) av1  av2  bv  bv  bv1v2
1 2

After filtration:
vo bv1v2
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SSB-SC Transmitter

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 SSB Transmitter

DSB method results in doubling of message bandwidth, so

we can transmit only one sideband as it contains all the
information about the message signal.

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 SSB Transmitter

USB or LSB can be transmitted

alone.

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 SSB Transmitter

 SSB can be generated by filtering the DSB signal.

 Filtration must meet the quality factor filter requirements.

f0
Q 1000
f

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 SSB Transmitter

2 or 3 stage modulators are used.

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SSB Transmitter

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 Independent Side Band (ISB) Transmitter

Independent Side Band (ISB) transmitter modulates two different

message signals, one on the LSB and the other on the USB.

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Independent Side Band (ISB) Transmitter

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Solved examples

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 Example 5.1

a) Draw the block diagram of a SSB transmitter operating

at 3 MHz.

b) Use three stage modulators operating at 40 kHz, 100

kHz and the 3rd modulator frequency is to be calculated.

c) Study the quality factor of each filter used.

Assume the bandwidth of the message signal is of 5 kHz.

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Example 5.1 - Solution

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 Example 5.2

a) Draw the block diagram of a ISB transmitter operating

at 3 MHz.

b) Use three stage modulators operating at 40 KHz, 100

kHz and the 3rd modulator frequency is to be calculated.

c) Study the quality factor of each filter used.

Assume the bandwidth of the message signal is of 20 kHz.

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Example 5.2 - Solution

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 Example 5.3

In an AM transmitter, which component is

primarily responsible for modulating the
carrier wave with the audio signal?

a) Mixer
b) Oscillator
c) Modulator
d) Amplifier
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 Example 5.4

Which of the following is a major

advantage of AM transmission?

a) High audio quality

b) Greater power efficiency
c) Simplicity of the receiver design
d) Better noise immunity

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 Example 5.5

Which type of modulation is used in

commercial AM radio broadcasting?

a) Frequency Modulation (FM)

b) Phase Modulation (PM)
c) Amplitude Modulation (AM)
d) Single Sideband Modulation (SSB)

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 Example 5.6

What is the purpose of the power amplifier

in an AM transmitter?

a) To modulate the audio signal

b) To increase the amplitude of the modulated
signal for transmission
c) To filter out unwanted frequencies
d) To demodulate the received signal
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Questions ?

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