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PF LEC7

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7 views14 pages

PF LEC7

Uploaded by

dedrienterprises1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROGRAMMING LECTURE 7

FUNDAMENTALS
STRINGS
Strings are used for storing text/characters.
For example, "Hello World" is a string of characters.

To output the string, you can use the printf() function together with
the format specifier %s to tell C that we are now working with
strings:
ACCESS STRINGS

you can access a string by referring to its index number inside


square brackets [].
This example prints the first character (0) in greetings:
MODIFY STRINGS

To change the value of a specific character in a string, refer to the


index number, and use single quotes:
LOOP THROUGH A STRING

You can also loop through the characters of a string, using a for
loop:
ANOTHER WAY OF CREATING STRINGS

In the examples above, we used a "string literal" to create a string


variable. This is the easiest way to create a string in C.
You should also note that you can create a string with a set of
characters. This example will produce the same result as the
example in the beginning of this page:
STRINGS - SPECIAL CHARACTERS

Because strings must be written within quotes, C will


misunderstand this string, and generate an error:

The solution to avoid this problem, is to use the backslash escape


character.
The backslash (\) escape character turns special characters into
string characters:
The sequence \" inserts a double quote in a string:

The sequence \' inserts a single quote in a string:


CONT….
The sequence \\ inserts a single backslash in a string:
STRING FUNCTIONS

C also has many useful string functions, which can be used to


perform certain operations on strings.
To use them, you must include the <string.h> header file in your
program:

String Length
For example, to get the length of a string, you can use the
strlen() function:
EXAMPLE OF STRLEN

It is also important that you know that sizeof will always return the memory size (in bytes), and not the actual string length:
CONCATENATE STRINGS

To concatenate (combine) two strings, you can use the strcat()


function:
COPY STRINGS

To copy the value of one string to another, you can use the strcpy()
function:
COMPARE STRINGS

To compare two strings, you can use the strcmp() function.

It returns 0 if the two strings are equal, otherwise a value that is


not 0:

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