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The document discusses industrial electrochemical processes for wastewater treatment and resource recovery, highlighting methods such as electrocoagulation, electrooxidation, electrodialysis, and electroflotation. These methods offer advantages like reduced chemical use, lower sludge production, and effective treatment of complex pollutants, while also enabling resource recovery. The document emphasizes the environmental and economic benefits of these technologies, along with future prospects for their integration and optimization.

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8 views

Presentation 12 (1)

The document discusses industrial electrochemical processes for wastewater treatment and resource recovery, highlighting methods such as electrocoagulation, electrooxidation, electrodialysis, and electroflotation. These methods offer advantages like reduced chemical use, lower sludge production, and effective treatment of complex pollutants, while also enabling resource recovery. The document emphasizes the environmental and economic benefits of these technologies, along with future prospects for their integration and optimization.

Uploaded by

mahamashfaq027
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Industrial Electrochemical

Processes for Wastewater


Treatment and Resource
Recovery
Presented By: M. Aun Abbas
Roll No: 23013123-012
Introduction
• Industrialization has
significantly increased
wastewater generation,
particularly from sectors such
as textiles, mining,
pharmaceuticals, and oil
refining.
• Traditional treatment
methods often involve
biological or chemical
approaches, which can be
inefficient, produce large
amounts of sludge, and
involve high operational
costs.
• Electrochemical processes
present a sustainable and
Electrochemical Processes:
Overview
• Electrochemical treatment involves the application
of an electric potential to drive reactions in water.
The major methods include:
• Electrocoagulation (EC): Precipitation of
contaminants using metal ions.
• Electrooxidation (EO): Oxidation of pollutants
through direct or mediated mechanisms.
• Electrodialysis (ED): Ion removal using membranes
and electrical potential.
• Electroflotation (EF): Removal of particles via gas
bubbles generated electrochemically.
Advantages of Electrochemical
Methods
• Operate without chemical
additives or minimal
dosages.
• Modular and scalable,
making them suitable for
both large- and small-scale
applications.
• Produce less secondary
waste (e.g., sludge).
• Capable of treating complex,
non-biodegradable
pollutants.
• Energy input can be coupled
Electrocoagulation (EC)
• EC uses sacrificial electrodes (iron or aluminum)
that release ions under electric current.
• These ions neutralize charges of suspended
particles, causing them to aggregate and
precipitate.
• Applications:
• Heavy metal removal (As, Pb, Cr)
• Organic load reduction (BOD, COD)
• Phosphate removal
• Benefits: Simple setup, effective across a wide pH
range, less need for added chemicals.
Electrooxidation (EO)
• EO involves oxidation of
contaminants directly at the
anode or indirectly via reactive
species (e.g., hydroxyl radicals).
• Electrode materials: Boron-
doped diamond (BDD), graphite,
platinum.
• Targets persistent organic
pollutants, dyes,
pharmaceuticals.
• Reactions can mineralize
organics to CO₂ and water,
making EO suitable for tertiary
Electrodialysis (ED)
• ED uses ion-exchange
membranes and an electric
field to selectively remove
ions from water.
• Cations and anions migrate
through respective
membranes toward
oppositely charged
electrodes.
• Applications:
Brackish water desalination
Acid/base and salt recovery in
chemical industries
Electroflotat
ion (EF)
• EF uses electrolysis to
generate fine gas
bubbles (H₂ and O₂)
which attach to
suspended solids and
float them to the surface.
• Enhanced separation of
oils, greases, and fine
particles.
• Used in industries like
food processing,
petrochemicals, and
slaughterhouse waste
Integrated Electrochemical
Systems
• Combining EC, EO, or ED with
other treatments (e.g., biological,
membrane filtration) improves
performance.
• Examples:
• - Electro-Fenton: Uses EO with
H₂O₂ for advanced oxidation.
• - Bio-electrochemical systems:
Microbial activity combined with
electrodes for simultaneous
treatment and energy recovery.
• Results in better pollutant
removal, energy savings, and
Resource Recovery Applications

• Metals (Cu, Zn, Ag, Cr) can be recovered via


electroplating/electrowinning.
• Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus
recovered for reuse in agriculture.
• Recovered water can be reused for industrial
processes, irrigation, or other non-potable uses.
Environmental
and Economic
Benefits
• Reduces reliance on chemical
reagents.
• Lower sludge volumes decrease
handling and disposal costs.
• Resource recovery creates
economic incentives and supports
circular economy models.
• Supports compliance with
environmental regulations and
sustainability goals.
Real-World
Case Studies
• Textile Industry (India): EC
reduced dye content by
95%, COD by 90%.
• Mining Industry (Chile):
Electrowinning recovered
80% of copper from
process water.
• Pharmaceutical
Wastewater (Europe): EO
removed >85% of API
toxicity, making effluent
safer for discharge.
Challenges and Limitations
• Electrode fouling and passivation can reduce
efficiency.
• High-quality electrode materials (like BDD) are
costly.
• Energy demands can be significant without
optimization.
• Need for trained personnel for system operation
and maintenance.
Future Prospects
• Development of low-cost, durable electrodes.
• Integration with renewable energy sources (solar,
wind).
• AI and IoT for real-time monitoring and
optimization.
• Increased adoption driven by stricter environmental
policies and water reuse goals.
Conclusion

• Electrochemical methods offer a powerful suite of tools


for sustainable wastewater treatment and resource
recovery.
• They provide flexibility, efficiency, and opportunities for
valuable resource extraction.
• Their growing use supports cleaner industries and a
circular economy.
Reference:
Vasudevan, S., Lakshmi, J., & Sozhan, G.
(2011).
Studies on the removal of phosphate from drinking
water by electrocoagulation process.
Journal of Chemical Engineering, 172(2–3), 685–
690.
Mollah, M.Y.A., Schennach, R., Parga, J.R., &
Cocke, D.L. (2001).
Electrocoagulation (EC)—science and applications.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 84(1), 29–41.
Any
Question?

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