SLG 01: Nature

and Inquiry of
Research
What is your definition of
good food?
Before buying food, what
factors do you consider
and what do you do to
find more information
about the food you are
about to buy?
Do you watch commercials? Do
you read the nutrition facts? Do
you ask your friends and family?
Do you consider reading
feedback? The best and most
effective way to make sure you
are making the most out of your
money is through research.
Table 0f Contents

01 Introduction

02 The Importance
J
of Research in
Daily Life

03 Characteristics of Research

04 Characteristics of a Successful
Researcher
05 Process of
Research
What is Research?
• It was coined from the French word
“cerhier” which means seek; prefix “re”
means to repeat.

• It is widely recognized as an important

tool for solving man’s various problems
and in making life more colorful and
convenient.

• Academic Research refers to a more

disciplined in its methodology and more
scientific in its procedure in gathering
information.
 What are the daily activities
in life that involve research?
 02 The Importance of
Research in Daily Life
• It allows individuals to make informed
decisions about the things that matter
most to them.
• It helps students gain knowledge and
understanding of the world around
them.
• It allows individual to go beyond their
personal bubble, explore new ideas,
concepts, perspectives, and develop
new skills.
 Characteristics of
(Wikiversity, 2016)
Research
Characterist Meaning
ics
1. Empirical Research is based on
observation and
experimentation on theories.
2. Systematic Research follows orderly and
in sequential procedure.
3. Controlled All variables except those
that are tested/experimented
upon are kept constant.
 Characteristics of
Research
(Wikiversity, 2016)
Characteristics Meaning
4. Employs It guides the investigation process.
hypothesis.
5. Analytical and There is critical analysis of all data
Critical used so that there is no error in
their interpretation.
6. . Objective, All findings are logically based on
Unbiased, & Logical empirical.

7. Employs Data are transformed into numerical

quantitative or measures and are treated
statistical methods statistically.
(logical).
 Characteristics of
(Homeres, 2014)
Research
Characterist Meaning
ics
1. Empirical Research is based on direct
experience or observation by
the researcher.
2. Logical Research is based on valid
procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical Research starts with a
problem and ends with a
problem.
 Characteristics of
(Homeres, 2014)
Research
Characteristics Meaning
4. Analytical Research utilizes proven analytical
procedures in gathering data, whether
historical, descriptive, experimental
and case study .
5. Critical Research exhibits careful and precise
judgement.
6. Methodological Research is conducted in a methodical
manner without bias using systematic
method and procedures.

7. Replicability Research design and procedures are

repeated to enable the researcher to
arrive at valid and conclusive.
 Characteristics of a Successful
Researcher

Intellectu Intellectu Intellectu

Healthy
al Prudence al al
Criticism
Curiosity Curiosity Creativity
Compare the two research titles. What type of research are they?

“Consumer experiences of meat consumption

of residents of Brgy Basak San Nicolas Cebu City”

“A comparative study about the daily intake of

fruits and vegetables among female SHS students
of Asian College of Technology
Compare the two research titles. What type of research are they?

Qualitative
“Consumer experiences of meat consumption
of residents of Brgy Basak San Nicolas Cebu City”

Quantitative
“A comparative study about the daily intake of
fruits and vegetables among female SHS students
of Asian College of Technology
 Qualitative Quantitative
Concerned with Concerned with
understanding discovering facts
behavior and data about social
is collected phenomena and
through assumes a fixed
participant and measurable
observation and reality. Data is
interviews. Data is analyzed
are reported in the numerically and
language of the through statistical
informants. analysis.
 05 Process of
Review of Research
Preparing the Data Analysis
Related Research
Literature
STEP 2 STEP 4
Design STEP 6

STEP 1 STEP 3 STEP 5 STEP 7

Formulate Data
Define Interpretation
Hypothesis Collection
Research and Report
Problem Writing
STEP 1: DEFINE RESEARCH PROBLEM

There are two types of research problem, those:

✔ relate to states of nature
✔ relationship between variables

Essentially two steps are involved in define research

problem
✔ understanding the problem thoroughly and
✔Rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from a
point of view
STEP 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Once the problem is define, a brief summary of it

should be written down. It is compulsory for a
research worker writing a thesis to write a synopsis of
topic and submit it to necessary committee or the
research board for approval.
STEP 3: FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS

Formulating hypothesis is tentative assumption made

in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical
consequences. Hypothesis should be very specific
and limited to the piece of research in hand because it
has to be tested.

The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher

by delimiting the area of research and to keep him
on the right track.
STEP 4: PREPARING THE RESEARCH DESIGN

•The function of research design is to provide for the

collection of relevant evidence with minimal
expenditure of effort, time and money.

Research purpose may be grouped into four

categories (1)exploration, (2)description,
(3)diagnosis and (4) experimentation
STEP 5: DATA COLLECTION

Primary data can be collected through:

1. Observation
2. Personal Interview
3. Telephone interview
4. Mailing of questionnaires
5. Schedules
STEP 6: DATA ANALYSIS

The Analysis of data requires a number of closely

related operations such as establishment of
categories.

•This stage mainly include:

1. Coding
2. Editing
3. Tabulation
STEP 7: INTERPRETATION AND REPORT WRITING

Researcher has to prepare the report of what has

been done by him.

•Writing of report includes:

1. The preliminary pages
2. The main text; and
3. The end matter
 Ethics in Research

Ethical Considerations In Unethical Practices In

Conducting Research Conducting Research
1. Objectivity and integrity 1. Deceiving a respondent about
the true purpose of a study
2. Respect of the research 2. Asking a respondent question
subjects’ right to privacy and that cause him or her extreme
dignity and protection of embarrassment; guilt or
subjects from personal harm emotional turmoil by leaving him
or her an unpleasant experience
3. Presentation of research 3. Invading the privacy of a
findings respondent
 Ethics in Research

Ethical Considerations In Unethical Practices In

Conducting Research Conducting Research
4. Misuse of research role 4. Studying the respondents or
research subjects without their
knowledge
5. Acknowledgement of research 5. When analyzing the data—
collaboration and assistance. revealing only part of the facts,
presenting facts out of context,
falsifying findings or offering
misleading presentation such as
lying with statistics
6. Distortions of findings by
sponsor
Research is what propels humanity
forward. It's fueled by curiosity: we get
curious, ask questions, and immerse
ourselves in discovering everything there is to
know. Learning is thriving. Without curiosity
and research, progress would slow to a halt,
and our lives as we know them would be
completely different.
Why do we
need
research?
Thank you ☺
Do you have any
questions?