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Evaluating Messages and Image

The document discusses various types of texts that reflect different cultures, including created, semi-authentic, and authentic texts. It also explores the importance of formal and informal language, strategies for evaluating messages, and the qualities of effective communication. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of understanding cultural context in analyzing texts and images.

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10 views

Evaluating Messages and Image

The document discusses various types of texts that reflect different cultures, including created, semi-authentic, and authentic texts. It also explores the importance of formal and informal language, strategies for evaluating messages, and the qualities of effective communication. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of understanding cultural context in analyzing texts and images.

Uploaded by

ravenmeow11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIFFERENT TYPES

OF TEXTS
REFLECTING
DIFFERENT
CULTURES
TEXT
A “text” isn‘t limited to something written
down. A text can be a film, an artifact, anything
in a language and culture that conveys
meaning.
Think about the text that you use in your
language classroom: what‘s in the textbook?
What do you read in class or even at home?
How do you describe the classroom, its design?
Why do you think the chairs are placed facing
CATEGORIES OF
TEXT
1. Created texts: Texts authored by non-
native speakers for non-native speakers to
achieve predetermined curricular goals.
2. Semi-authentic texts: Texts created
by native and/or non-native speaker, based
on original language materials, but
adapted to fit curricular needs.
3. Authentic texts: Texts created by
CULTURAL TEXT
Cultural texts are those objects,
actions, and behaviors that reveal cultural
meanings. A photo is an image, but is also
a cultural text, a picture with cultural
information beyond just the picture itself.
Food and clothing also suggest cultural
information, and it doesn‘t stop there. The
entire place and space, all of the people
and interaction, all of the rituals and rules
Formal and Informal
Language
▪ Formal language - is less personal
thaninformal language. It is used when writing
for professional or academic purpose like
university assignments. Formal language does
not use colloquialisms, contractions or first
person pronouns such as ‘I‘ or ‘We‘.
▪ Informal language - is more casual and
spontaneous. It is used when communicating
with friends or family either in writing or in
conversation. It is used in writing personal
Formal and Informal
Language
▪ Contractions
1. Informal: The improvements can‘t be
introduced due to funding restrictions.
Formal: Improvements cannot be introduced
due to funding restrictions.
2. Informal: I don‘t believe that the results are
accurate.
Formal: The results are not believed to be
accurate.
Formal and Informal
Language
▪ Phrasal Verbs
1. Informal: The balloon was blown up for the
experiment.
Formal: The balloon was inflated for the
experiment.
2. Informal: The patient got over his illness.
Formal: The patient recovered from his illness.
3. Informal: The results of the study were mixed
Formal and Informal
Language
▪ Slang/Colloquialisms
1. Informal: The mob was very rowdy during the protest
against cuts to universityfunding.
Formal: The crowd was very rowdy during the protest against
the cuts to university funding.
2. Informal: Lecturers still count on students to used correct
grammars and
punctuations in essays.
Formal: Lecturers expect students to use correct grammars
and punctuations in essays.
Formal and Informal
Language
▪ First Person Pronouns
1. Informal: I considered various research methods for
the study.
Formal: Various research methods were considered for
the study.
2. Informal: We believe the practice is unsustainable.
Formal: It is believed the practice is unsustainable.
3. Informal: During the interview I asked students
about their experiences.
STRATEGIES FOR
EVALUATING A MESSAGE

How do we evaluate
messages?
In order to evaluate whether a message is
effective, we can ask ourselves a series of questions
EVALUATING MESSAGES

Why do we evaluate
messages?

*The importance of evaluating the effectiveness


FOUR MAIN QUALITIES FOR AN
EFFECTIVE MESSAGE

1. Simplicity
2. Specificity
3. Structure
4. Stickiness
SIMPLICITY

In order to ensure that the


messages have simplicity, we should
ask ourselves two questions:
• – is the purpose evident?
• – Is the core message clear?
SPECIFICITY
Refers to our choices of language and
its usage on order to ensure language is
specific we may ask ourselves:
– Is language specific?
– is language concrete, rather than
abstract?
– Does it use words which have
STRUCTURE
Ideas should be organized and easy
to follow.

– Does the messages have a


STRUCTURE?
– is there a more effective way to
STICKINESS
The messages should display
coherent and unity of ideas.

- Does the idea of the message


flow smoothly?
EVALUATING IMAGES
It is important to critically evaluate images
you use for research. Study and presentation
images should be evaluated like any other
source, such as journal articles or books, to
determine their quality, reliability and
appropriateness. Visual analysis is an important
step in evaluating an image and understanding
its meaning. Three steps of evaluating an image
and these are:
1. Identifying Source
ANALYZING THE
TEXT/IMAGES
1. CONTENT  How are they presented?
ANALYSIS  Can the image be looked
 What do you see? at different ways?
 What is the image all
about?
 Are their people in the How effective is the
image? image as a visual
 What are they doing? message?
ANALY
ZE THE
IMAGE
ANALY
ZE THE
IMAGE
ANALY
ZE THE
IMAGE
ANALYZING THE
TEXT/IMAGES

2. VISUAL ANALYSIS
• How is the image composed?
• What is in the background and what
is in the foreground?
• What are the most important visual?
ANALYZING THE
TEXT/IMAGES
3. IMAGE SOURCE
• Where did you find the image?
• What information does the source provide
about the origins of the image?
• Is the source reliable and trustworthy?
• Was the image found in an image
database or was it being use in another
ANALYZING THE
TEXT/IMAGES
4. TECHNICAL QUALITY
• Is the image large enough to suit
your purpose?
• Are the color, light and balance,
true?
• Is the image a quality digital
image without pixelation or
ANALYZING THE
TEXT/IMAGES
5. CONTEXTUAL INFO
• What information accompanies the image?
• Does the text change how you see the
image? How?
• Is the textual information intended to be
factual an inform or is intended to influence
what and how you see?
• What kind of context does the information
ANALYZING THE
TEXT/IMAGES
To evaluate messages and images of
different types of text reflecting different culture
the following should do:
1. Understand how the specified cultures live.
2. How the people in the specified group communicate each
other.
3. Learn the symbolism of their culture.
4. Be aware in every detail such as artifact, language, and
symbolism.
5. Get the meanings being addressed by the images
ANALYZING THE
TEXT/IMAGES
To evaluate messages and images
of different types of text reflecting
different culture the following should
be answered.

1. What is the message of the text/message?


2. What is the purpose of the message?
ANALYZING THE
TEXT/IMAGES

3. How is the message conveyed by the text/image?


4. Who is the target audience?
5. And what are the other ways of presenting the
message?
Try this!
1. What is the message of
the text/message?
2. What is the purpose of
the message?
3. How is the message
conveyed by the
text/image?
4. Who is the target
audience?
5. what are the other ways
Try this!
1. What is the message of the text/message? Men are allowed
inside.
2. What is the purpose of the message? To inform that only men
are allowed.
3. How is the message conveyed by the text/image? By putting
the image of a man and writing the word male to signify
what gender is asked or emphasized.
4. Who is the target audience? Everyone.
5. And what are the other ways of presenting the message?
Writing the words/sentences completely that the males
are allowed inside or the restroom is for males only
Try this!
1. What is the message of
the text/message?
2. What is the purpose of
the message?
3. How is the message
conveyed by the
text/image?
4. Who is the target
audience?
Understanding Different
Types of Texts
A text can also come from any form
and be any kind of writing. It can be
letters, adverts, user-guides, emails,
post cards, notes and magazine
articles. Understanding what kind of
text helps to understand the purpose
why it was written.
For example:
Understanding Different
Types of Texts
2. A user-guide consists of instruction
of how to make things run, or how to
cook food for instance. It is write to
give instructions.
3. A formal (business) letter is
sometimes written to inform about
something.
Understanding Different
Types of Texts
Persuasive texts
A persuasive text encourages you to do
or want something. In writing such, take
note that you may use of proper
capitalization, proper punctuation marks
and may also use repeated words or
questions to catch attention. Adjectives
must be used as often as possible so that it
Understanding Different
Types of Texts
Instructive texts
An instructive text is written to instruct
someone to do something, or relating to
procedures to be done. The tone of words
is commanding and may use formal and
direct words. Extra words are not needed
especially the use of adjectives.
Understanding Different
Types of Texts
Informative texts

An informative text informs using


words of fact and step by step
procedures. Common example of it is
the announcement posted in the
bulletin board, or news broadcast in
the television.
Understanding Different
Types of Texts
Descriptive texts

The role of descriptive text is to


describe a person, things or an event by
using adjectives or adverbs to clearly
emphasize the description process. The
writer, upon writing the text clearly wanted
the reader to imagine what is like and how
ACTIVITY
Direction: Write a 3-5 paragraph essay
answering the question:

How is
communication
related to cultural

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