CELL

PROCESSES

REPORTERS:
MIRO, YASMIN M.
PENDALIDAY, NORONISA M.
Objectives:

●Identify different types of cell processes and

activities

●Distinguish various elements involved in each

processes

●Describe events that occur during cell transports

 Table of contents
01 03

Diffusion Osmosis

02
Active and
Passive
Transport
 Cell Processes
The cell processes are all the
mechanisms that are carried out
within the cell and are aimed at
guaranteeing the stability of the
organism that they comprise.
 01
Diffusion
 DIFFUSION
• Diffusion helps in • Diffusion is the • Diffusion is a very
the movement of process of important process
substances in and movement of for photosynthesis
out of the cells. The molecules under where carbon
molecules move a concentration dioxide from the
from a region of gradient. It is an stomata diffuses
higher important into the leaves and
concentration to a process finally into the cells.
region of lower occurring in all Also, during
concentration until living beings. transpiration, the
the concentration water and oxygen
becomes equal diffuse from the
throughout. leaves into the
environment.
 Types of Diffusion
Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion

 A process in which the  The molecules diffuse

substance moves through through the membrane with
a the help of transporter
semipermeable membrane proteins.
or in a solution
without any help from
transport proteins.
 Factors affecting Diffusion in
Plants
Solvent
Concentration Temperature Mass of Particle
Properties
Diffusion of Particles move due Heavier particles Viscosity and
molecules is to the kinetic energy will move more density greatly
entirely dependent associated with slowly and so will affect diffusion. If
on moving from an them. As have a slower rate the medium that a
area of higher temperature of diffusion. given particle has to
concentration to an increases, the Smaller particles diffuse through is
area of lower kinetic energy on the other hand very dense or
concentration. associated with will diffuse faster viscous, then the
each particle also because they can particle will have a
increases. move faster. harder time diffusing
through it.
 Importance of Diffusion in
Plants
3
This process
2 keeps the walls 4
of the internal It is responsible for
The food material
tissues of the spreading the ions
is translocated by
plant moist. and molecules
this process.
throughout the
1 protoplast 5
The exchange of
Aroma of flowers is
gases through
due to the diffusion
stomata takes place
of aromatic
by the process of
compounds to attract
diffusion.
 Active and
Passive
02
Transport
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
● Active and passive transport are the
two main biological processes that
play a crucial role in supplying
nutrients, oxygen, water and other
essential molecules to the cells
along with the elimination of waste
products.
● In essence, active and passive
transport work for the same goals/
purposes, but with different
movement.
 ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• This is the biological • This process uses • Active transport is a
process in which ATP – adenosine mode of
molecules move triphosphate to transportation in
against the pump molecules plants, which uses
concentration through a stored energy to
gradient and require concentration move the particles
chemical energy to gradient. against the
move biochemical Complex sugar, concentration
compounds from a ions, large cells, gradient. In a
lower region to the proteins and plant cell, it takes
high region. other particles place in the root cells
are transported in by absorbing water
this process. and minerals
 There are two types of Active
transport: Secondary
Primary Active Active
transport transport
Primary active Secondary active
transport directly uses transport (cotransport),
a source of chemical on the other hand, uses an
energy (e.g., ATP) to electrochemical gradient –
move molecules across generated by active
a membrane against transport – as an energy
their gradient. source to move molecules
against their gradient, and
thus does not directly
require a chemical source of
energy such as ATP.
 PASSIVE TRANSPORT
• Passive transport is a • Passive transport is
movement of ions and the fundamental
other atomic or movement of ions and
molecular substances other molecular
across cell membranes substances within the
without the need of cells along the
energy input. Unlike concentration
active transport, it gradient, without any
does not require an external energy. It is
input of cellular energy also known as passive
because it is instead diffusion.
driven.
 Types of Passive
Transport
1 2
Facilitated
Diffusion
. diffusion
is the simple movement of Facilitated diffusion is
particles through a the passive
permeable membrane down a transportation of ions
concentration gradient (from or molecules across
a more concentrated solution the cell membrane
to a less concentrated through specific
solution) until the two transmembrane
solutions are of equal integral proteins.
concentration
 3 4
Filtration Osmosis
Filtration is the Osmosis is the
process of diffusion of water
separating solids molecules across a
from liquids and selectively
gases. The permeable
selective membrane. None
absorption of of these processes
nutrients in the require energy.
body is an example
of filtration.
OSMOSIS 03
 Osmosis

• Osmosis is a passive • Osmosis helps in

process and happens stabilizing the internal
without any environment of the
expenditure of energy. organism by balancing
It involves the the levels of water and
movement of intracellular fluids.
molecules from a Also, the nutrients and
region of higher minerals enter the cell
concentration to lower by osmosis which is
concentration until the necessary for the
concentrations become survival of cells
equal on either side of
 Osmotic Solution
Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic
solution solution solution

An isotonic solution is A hypertonic A hypotonic

one that has the solution is one solution is one
same concentration that has a higher that has a higher
of solutes both inside solute solute
and outside the cell. concentration concentration
outside the cell inside the cell
than inside. than outside.
 Types of Osmosis
Endosmosi Exosmosi
• When a s substance is • When a ssubstance is
placed in a hypotonic placed in a hypertonic
solution, the solvent solution, the solvent
molecules move inside the molecules move outside
cell and the cell becomes the cell and the cell
turgid or undergoes becomes flaccid or
deplasmolysis. This is undergoes plasmolysis.
known as endosmosis. This is known as
exosmosis.
 Process of Osmosis
● It’s a passive ● When your plant ● The predominant
process between cells go through occurrence of
the root hairs and osmosis, water osmosis is in the
the soil. These travels up to the root cells. The
hairs absorb water rest of the plant. transportation of
molecules through Dissolved water is from the
a semipermeable nutrients can’t soil into the root
membrane. penetrate through hairs and then to
this membrane. the cells.
 Thanks!
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