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Information System Notes

An information system combines hardware, software, and telecommunications to support business operations and enhance productivity. It is essential in various fields, including education and business, as it helps organizations improve customer satisfaction and adapt to changes quickly. The document outlines the components of an information system, including hardware, software, data, processes, and people, emphasizing the importance of quality design for competitive success.

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17 views22 pages

Information System Notes

An information system combines hardware, software, and telecommunications to support business operations and enhance productivity. It is essential in various fields, including education and business, as it helps organizations improve customer satisfaction and adapt to changes quickly. The document outlines the components of an information system, including hardware, software, data, processes, and people, emphasizing the importance of quality design for competitive success.

Uploaded by

pineas malakia sondaha
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Week 6, Chapter 6

INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION SYSTEMS

• An information system is a combination of hardware, software and


telecommunication systems, which can support business operations to
increase productivity, and help managers make decisions.

• In this age of information, almost all fields of endeavor such as education,


manufacturing, research, games, entertainment, and business treat
information systems as a need. Indeed, every activity in our daily life today
requires people to get involved in the use of information systems.
• In this age, the success of a business depends on the information system.
• Many organizations today use information systems to offer services with
greater satisfaction to customers, to access a wider range of information, to
handle business changes at a greater speed, and to increase the productivity
of workers.
WHAT IS A SYSTEM?

• A system is simply a group of activities and elements, which


have been arranged to achieve a certain objective.
MODELING THE BUSINESS PROCESS

• Many companies today use information as a basis to increase


productivity, producing quality products, providing quality
services, creating customer confidence, and making timely
decisions.
• As such, information technology has become the prime reason
for the success and failure of a company to compete in
business. This illustrates the impact of information technology
on business operations today. As a result, designing an
information system of high quality is important so that
organisations can compete successfully in the global market.
• As an example, business transactions at a supermarket, bank,
and hotel require information systems that are different and
unique.
BUSINESS PROFILE, MODEL AND
PROCESS

• In trying to understand the operation of a certain company, a


system analyst needs to develop a business profile and
consider a number of business models.
INFORMATION SYSTEM
COMPONENTS

• A system is a set of related components, which can process


input to produce a certain output. Every system requires a
form of data input.
For example: A
• An ATM machine accepts data when you enter the PIN number.
• A washing machine accepts data when you select the start
buttons.
They process the inputs and produce their respective outputs.
The activity of converting data into
information is called a process.
An information system contains
FIVE main components
• the hardware
• Software
• Data
• Process
• human
HARDWARE

• Hardware is the physical embodiment of an information


system. It is one of the main elements which creates the
information system cycle.
• Information system's hardware refers to all types of hardware
and the media used for input, processing, managing,
distributing and saving information that are being used in an
organisation.
• Examples of the hardware are the physical computers,
networks, communication equipment, scanners, digital drives,
and so on.
Table 1.1: Functions of the Basic Hardware of a
Computer
SOFTWARE

• Software is a set of instructions that tell the


hardware what to do
• Programmers create software programs by
following a specific process to enter a list of
instructions that tell the hardware what to do.
There are several categories of software, with the
two main categories being operating-
system and application software.
DATA

• Refers to the raw facts on any thing or entities like student names
courses and marks.
For example, your first name, driver's license number, the city you live
in, a picture of your pet, a clip of your voice, and your phone number
are all pieces of raw data.
• Information is an organized, meaningful and useful interpretation of
data such as a company’s performances or a student's academic
performance.
• Information systems change data into information, which is useful
and capable of giving a certain meaning to its users.
PROCESS

• Process or procedure explains the activities carried out by


users, managers and staff. Process is important for supporting
a certain business model available as written documents or as
reference materials on-line.
• The procedure for using a certain matter is very wide and very
important to ensure that it can be implemented with success.
All the information system components contain management
and implementation procedures on their own, and they are
different from each other.
PEOPLE

People built computers for people to use. This means that there are many different categories in the
development and management of information systems to help organizations to create value and
improve productivity, such as:
• Users: these are the people who actually use an IS to perform a job function or task. Examples
include: a student uses a spreadsheet or a word processing software program.
• Technical Developers: these are the people who actually create the technologies used to build an
information system. Examples include a computer chip engineer, a software programmer, and an
application programmer.
• Business Professionals: these are the CEOs, owners, managers, entrepreneurs, employees who use
IS to start or expand their business to perform their job functions such as accounting, marketing,
sales, human resources, support customers, among others. Examples include famous CEOs such
as Jeff Bezos of Amazon, Steve Jobs of Apple, Bill Gates of Microsoft, and Marc Benioff of Salesforce
NETWORKING COMMUNICATION

• The components of hardware, software, and data have


long been considered the core technology of
information systems.
• However, networking communication is another
component of an IS that some believe should be in its
own category.
• An information system can exist without the ability to
communicate.
• For instance, the first personal computers were stand-
alone machines that did not have access to
the Internet.
• Information Systems, however, have evolved since
they were developed. For example, we used to have
only desktop operating system software or hardware.
However, in today’s environment, the operating system
software now includes mobile OS, and hardware now
includes other hardware devices besides desktops. It is
extremely rare for a computer device that does not
connect to another device or a network.
INFORMATION SYSTEM CATEGORIES
INDIVIDUALS IN THE
INFORMATION SYSTEM

• To handle an information system's project, we need to have a


systematic work plan. An information system's architecture
provides a work plan, which is unique, whereby various
individuals with different objectives can manage and see the
building blocks of an information system.
• If you intend to develop an information system, the individuals
involved in the development will see the system from a
different perspective. These individuals can be categorised into
four groups:
Figure 1.10: Information system’s perspective

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