Scribd
Upload
4 views

Y9 Particle Model and Density Summary Notes

The document provides a summary of key concepts in the Year 9 GCSE Physics Particle Model, including the conservation of mass during changes of state, the nature of internal energy, and the principles of density. It outlines the differences in density among solids, liquids, and gases, and includes a practical method for calculating density for regular and irregular objects as well as liquids. Safety precautions and considerations for zero errors in measurements are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

g27009
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Y9 Particle Model and Density Summary Notes

The document provides a summary of key concepts in the Year 9 GCSE Physics Particle Model, including the conservation of mass during changes of state, the nature of internal energy, and the principles of density. It outlines the differences in density among solids, liquids, and gases, and includes a practical method for calculating density for regular and irregular objects as well as liquids. Safety precautions and considerations for zero errors in measurements are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

g27009
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Year 9 GCSE Physics – Particle Model Summary Notes

Changes of State
- Mass is conserved (stays same)
- If 20g of liquid evaporates, the gas produced will also weigh 20g,
- but can measure less as goes into the surroundings if an open system.

Physical changes
- Reversible
- Keep same properties

Internal Energy
Energy stored by particles within a system
 Kinetic Energy (vibration)
 Potential Energy (because of their position, height)
Heating
- Thermal energy increases particles energy
- This increases internal energy so:
o Temperature rises
o Or changes of state

Energy
- melt/ evaporate energy is absorbed
- freeze/ condense energy is released

Melting/boiling points – no temp change as energy used to change state


-
Year 9 GCSE Physics – Particle Model Summary Notes
Density
mass per unit volume
Density = mass ρ= m Solid
volume V
If mass = kg, volume = m then units will be kg/m3
3

Depends on atom spacing – more space less density!


Liquid
- Solids have higher density than liquids (except ice & water)
- Gases have lowest density as atoms move a lot increasing volume

Required Practical – Calculating Density Gas


Aim: Determine the densities of regular and irregular solid objects and liquids.

Method:
For Regular Objects:
1. Measure the length, height and width of the object using a ruler, record values
2. Calculate the volume (cm3) = length x height x width
3. Measure the mass of the object, using the mass balance.
4. Calculate density, equation: Density = mass ρ= m
volume V
For Irregular Shaped Objects:
1. Fill the displacement can up to the spout with water and put measuring beaker under
spout.
2. Place the object into the can carefully.
3. Collect and measure the volume of water displaced = volume of object
4. Measure the mass of the object using a balance.
5. Calculate density, equation: Density = mass ρ= m
volume V
For Liquids:
1. Measure the mass of an empty measuring beaker, using a balance.
2. Pour 100cm³ of the liquid into the beaker = volume of liquid.
3. Measure the combined mass of the beaker and the liquid.
4. Calculate liquid’s mass = combined mass – empty beaker mass
5. Calculate density, equation: Density = mass ρ= m
volume V

Zero errors - reset the balance with nothing on Safety - glass, spills

You might also like