BUILDIN

G
MATERIA
Building
material is any
material used for Construction
construction blocks can be
purpose such as generally
materials for categorized
house building. into two
sources,
natural and
synthetic.
The choice of
Wood, cement, these are
aggregates, based on
metals, bricks, their cost
concrete, clay effectiveness
are the most for building
common type of projects.
building material
 TYPES OF
 Fabric CONSTRUCTION
 Glass  Metal
 Mud
 Rock
BLOCKS


Plastic  Calcium
Silicate
Steel
 Thatch  blocks
Expanded
 Fly Ash
 Wood clay
Bricks
 Bamboo  aggregate
Aerated
 Burnt clay
 AAC Block
Concrete
 Bricks
Fire Blocks
Blocks
 bricks
Concret  Geopoly
EPS Blocks
e mer
Blocks
FABRI MATERIA APPLICAT
LS ION
C Fabrics used in Used to create
fabric building facades,
architecture are canopies, and shade
often made of ADVANTA
solutions.
polyester or
fiberglass GES
 Light weight and
flexible
 Tensile strength
KING FAHAD  Cost effective
NATIONAL  Quick Installation
 Natural Light
LIBRARY, THE EDEN
SAUDI ARABIA
PROJECT, UK
BLOCKS
PROPERTIE ADVANTAG
USES
MUD
S ES
 Sustainable  Residential Buildings
Composition
 Cost Effective  Community Structures
Typically made from a
mixture of clay, sand,  Energy efficient
silt, and water  Low Environment impact
Breathability
Allow moisture to
escape, helping to
maintain a stable
indoor environment.

THE GREAT
MOSQUE OF TOAS PUEBLO ,
DJENNE , NEW MEXICO
MALI
 TECHNIQU
ROCK USES PROPER
ES TIES
 Masonry Rock materials are  Rock reduces the
 Carving and used in landscaping, carbon footprint
Sculpture public art associated with
 Modern installations, and transportation
Interpretations residential designs.  More Durable
 Requires little
PETRA
maintenance over,
time JORDAN

SASSI DI
MATERA,
ITALY
THATC HISTORY
TYPES OF
THATCH
H Thatched roofing  Reed Thatch : Commonly
was used by used in coastal areas
nomadic peoples to  Straw Thatch : Typically made
create temporary from wheat or barley straw
BUILDING
shelters  Palm Thatch : Used in tropical
S APPLICATIO
regions
 Cottages and NS
Country Homes
 Tropical Huts Used for the roof of the
Huts
 Farmhouses ADVANTAGE
AFRICAN HUTS
S
 Insulation
 Sustainability
 Aesthetic Appeal
WOOD
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTA
HISTORY S GES
Wood has been  Sustainability Wood is susceptible
used for  Aesthetic Appeal to rot, pests, and
thousands of  Insulation Properties fire
years in various [HEAT]
cultures  Flexibility
HORYU-JI
TEMPLE, JAPAN
MORDERN
INNOVATIONS
Innovations like CLT
and engineered
wood products are STAVE
enabling taller and
CHURCHES,
more complex
wooden structures. NORWAY

Wood is often used

 HISTORICAL TYPES OF ADVANTA
BRICK CONTEXT BRICKS GES
Brick has been used  Fired clay : Made by  Durable
since ancient times, heating clay to high  Low
with notable temperatures, maintenance
examples like the resulting weather-  Excellent
ziggurats of resistant material. insulation
DISADVAN
Mesopotamia and  Adobe Bricks :Sun- SIZES
 Aesthetic
theTAGES
Great Wall of dried bricks made Appeal
 China.
Weight USESfrom a mixture of clay,
 Cost sand, and straw.
 Residential
Buildings
 Commercial
Structures
RED FORT
 Cultural ,
and Civic
THE GREAT
BuildingsINDIA WALL OF CHINA
 TYPES OF
CONCR CONCRETE
ETE BLOCKS
 Standard Concrete Blocks : Typically 16" x 8"
x 8" and used for walls.
 Hollow Blocks: Contain holes to reduce weight
and improve insulation.
 Lintel Blocks: Used for building headers over
THE NATIONAL ADVANTA
openings.
 Corner Blocks:GALLERY
Designed OF
for corner GES
 COST EFFECTIVE
construction. ART,  EASY TO WORK
USA  WITH PROPERT
SUSTAINABLE
IES
 DURABLE
DISADVAN  SOUND INSULATION APPLICAT
TAGES  THERMAL MASS
ION
 WEIGHT
 Structural W
 INSULATION
 Retaining W
 Foundation
GLASS
DISADVAN ADVANTA
HISTORY
TAGES GES
Glass has been  Large glass  Transparency
used in surfaces can and Light
architecture cause  Visual
since 19th overheating Connection
century with  Privacy THE LOUVRE
 Innovative
TYPES OF
framing  Cost [for high Designs PYRAMID,
GLASS USED
techniques. quality] FRANCE
 Tempered Glass :
Strengthened through heating
and rapid cooling
 Laminated Glass :Consists of
THE APPLE
layers bonded together, STORE,
providing safety and sound NEW YORK
insulation
 Insulated Glass : Composed
of multiple layers to improve
energy efficiency
PLSATI TYPES OF
USES
DISADVANTA
PLASTIC USED GES
C  Reinforced  Cladding and Facades  Durability
Plastics  Windows and Skylights Recyclability
 Recycled  Flooring
Plastics  Wall Panels
 Bioplastics  Fiberglass-reinforced plastic
(FRP), can be used in beams,
columns, and other structural
THE ALLIANZ
elements
ARENA,
GERMANY THE
SERPENTINE
PEVILION ,LON
DON
FLY ASH COMPOSIT ADVANTA DISADVAN
BRICK ION GES TAGES
 Primarily  Eco-Friendly  The properties of
composed of fly  Lightweight fly ash can be
ash, cement, lime,  High Strength affecting the
gypsum, and  Thermal and consistency and
water. Sound Insulation quality of the
 Typically, fly ash  Water Resistance bricks.
constitutes about APPLICATI
60-70% Various
of the states
total in ON
mix India, such as  Used in walls, PROPER
Maharashtra and pavements, and TIES
Gujarat, have various structural  Size:
promoted the use elements in both Generally 230
of fly ash bricks to residential and mm x 110 mm
reduce pollution commercial x 75 mm, but
and promote buildings. they can be
sustainable  Also Suitable for customized.
BAMB HISTORY
APPLICATI ADVANTAG
OO Bamboo has been used
ON
 Housing
ES
 Strength and
in construction for  Pavilions and flexibility
thousands of years, Temporary  Natural
especially in Asian Structures Resilience
countries like China,  Furniture and  Rapid growth
India, and Indonesia.
BAMBOO  Affordability
Interiors
In recent decades , SPORTS HALL,  DISADVANTA
Biodegradabilit
Architects are CHINA y GES
increasingly recognizing  Durability
its potential for eco-  Building Codes
friendly construction.THE GREEN  Limited Awarenes
SCHOOL , BALI ,
INDONESIA
BLOCKS
COMPOSIT APPLICA
AAC blocks are likely
AAC
ION TION
to become a  Residential
AAC (Autoclaved Aerated
standard choice for Buildings
Concrete) blocks are a
modern construction  Commercial
lightweight, precast
projects. Buildings
building material made
from a mix of silica sand,  High-Rise
cement, lime, water, and a DISADVAN Structures
small amount of aluminum ADVANATA
Green Buildings
THE
powder.
GREEN TAGES GES
 Modular
SCHOOL , BALI ,  Not commonly available.  Lightweight
Construction
INDONESIA  Can be expensive  Thermal Insulatio
 Require training in  Fire Resistance
Construction Techniques Sound Insulation
 Eco-Friendly
This educational facility The design focuses on  Speed of Constru
utilizes AAC blocks in its sustainability and
construction for their energy efficiency,
METAL
TYPES OF ADVANTA
BRICKS
USES
GES
 Steel  Facades and  High tensile
 Aluminum Cladding strength
 Roofing  Durability
 Copper
 Windows and Doors Flexibility
 Zinc  Interior Elements  Both structural and
 Stainless  Bridges and decorative
Steel
THE GREEN Infrastructure
THE LOUISapplications
SCHOOL , BALI , VUITTON
INDONESIA FOUNDATION,
FRANCE

THE HIGH
LINE ,
USA
CALCIUM COMPOS ADVANTA CHALLEN
SILICAET
BLOCKS
ITION GES GES
Calcium silicate blocks  Thermal Insulation
 Weight
are an innovative  Fire Resistance  Cost
building material made  Moisture  Limited Availability
from a mixture of silica Resistance  Construction Skills
sand, lime, and cement,  Sound insulation  Aesthetic
typically cured under  Eco-Friendly
APPLICATI
Limitations
steam pressure.
ONS
 Residential
CONCLUSI Buildings
 Commercial
ON
Projects
Calcium silicate blocks are a
 Public
versatile and effective building
Infrastructure
material, especially suitable for
projects prioritizing fire resistance,
BLOCKS
ECA COMPOS ADVANTA CONSIDE
ITION GES RATION
Expanded clay  Lightweight  Availability
aggregate blocks (ECAs)  Durability  Installation
are primarily composed  Versatility Techniques
Clay , Additives [like  Cost-Effective  Potential for
organic materials,  Fire Resistance Cracking
materials] and Water .  Easy Handling
Heated typically APPLICAT
between 1000 C and CONCLU ION
1200 C.  Structural Walls
SION  Load-Bearing Wa
Expanded clay aggregate  Non-Load-Bearing
blocks is efficient building Walls
material that offers  Industrial
numerous advantages, Applications
particularly in terms of  Sustainable Desig
insulation, fire resistance,
 COMPOSI ADVANTA
CONCRETE
AERATTED
TION GES
Aerated concrete blocks,  Lightweight
also known as autoclaved  Thermal Insulation
aerated concrete (AAC)  Fire Resistance
blocks, made from a mixture  Moisture Resistance
of cement, lime, water, and  Ease of Workability
fine aggregates that are air-
APPLICAT CHALLEN
entrained to create a porous
ION
structure. GES
 Structural Walls  Availability
 External Facades  Proper
 Firewalls and Fire-Rated
installation
Applications
 Roof and Floor Systems techniques
 Acoustic Insulation  Cost
 Sustainable Construction
 ADVANTA

BLOCKS
FOAM MATERIAL USES
GES
EPS

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)  Insulation  Lightweight

blocks are lightweight, rigid  Lightweight Fill Material
 Excellent Insulation
foam blocks made from  Structural Applications
 Water Resistance
polystyrene beads that are  Packaging  Cost-Effective
expanded and fused  Floating Structures Versatility
together.  Sound Insulation  Eco-Friendly Option

To address the
CHALLEN
environmental GES
concerns, some  EPS is flammable
companies are  UV Sensitivity
developing  Limited Structural
biodegradable Strength
alternatives or  Environmental Concerns
recycling
GEOPLOL
COMPOSI CHARACTE

BLOCKS
YMER TION RISTICS
In Geopolymer blocks  Sustainability : Geopolymers
Common materials can be produced using waste
include fly ash (from materials like fly ash, slag, or
coal combustion), other industrial by-products.
metakaolin (a clay  High Strength
mineral), and alkaline  Durability
activators (like sodium  Thermal Performance:
hydroxide or potassium CHALLENG
Geopolymers can provide APPLICATI
better
hydroxide). thermal
ES insulation. ON
 Market Acceptance  Load-Bearing
 Technical Knowledge Structures
 Insulation
 Precast Element
 Sustainable Hou
 Artistic and Aest
 CONCLUS
ION
In summary, the variety of blocks used in construction plays a
crucial role in determining the structural integrity, energy
efficiency, and sustainability of buildings.

1.Traditional Materials: Concrete , bricks and clay blocks

remain popular for their strength and durability. They
provide reliable options for load-bearing structures but come
with higher environmental impacts.

2.Innovative Alternatives: Materials like aerated concrete

and EPS blocks offer lightweight and insulating properties,
enhancing energy efficiency and reducing construction
costs.

3.Sustainable Solutions: Geopolymer blocks represent a