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P3 - Particle Model

The document explains the particle model of matter, detailing the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and their properties such as density and compressibility. It covers changes of state, specific latent heat, and the effects of temperature and pressure on particles, particularly in gases. Additionally, it discusses how work done on a gas can increase its internal energy and temperature.

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g27009
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4 views

P3 - Particle Model

The document explains the particle model of matter, detailing the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and their properties such as density and compressibility. It covers changes of state, specific latent heat, and the effects of temperature and pressure on particles, particularly in gases. Additionally, it discusses how work done on a gas can increase its internal energy and temperature.

Uploaded by

g27009
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REVISION

– GET YOUR PENS & PAPER


READY!!

P3 –
Particle Model of
Matter
States of Matter
Solid Liquid Gas

Fixed Volume Fixed Volume No fixed Volume

Fixed shape No fixed shape No fixed shape


Cannot be Cannot be Can be
compressed compressed compressed
Does not flow Flows easily Flows easily
Takes the shape Spreads out to fill
of the container the container
Density
Density = mass / volume
(kg/m )
3
(kg) (m )
3

Volume = base x length x height

When the mass stays the same as the volume increases


the density decreases.
Measuring Density
Solids
Regular – measure it
Irregular – Eureka Can

Liquids
Use balance to find mass
of empty cylinder & then
mass with 10ml. Subtract
to find mass of 10ml
Solids
Solids have the highest density.

Because

1. they have more particles in the same


volume than liquids and gases
2. their particles are closer together.

Some are more dense than others

Because particles closer together and


some have gas in them.
Changes of State
= physical change
Melting Evaporating

Freezing Condensing

Sublimation
Particle Energy
Internal energy = Kinetic energy + Potential Energy

If enough energy change they


will change state by breaking
or making forces of attraction

Mass stays the same!


Specific Latent Heat
Energy (J) = mass (kg) x specific latent heat (J/kg)
It’s the change of energy when 1kg of a substance
changes state.

Temperature doesn’t rise during a change in state


because the energy is being used for breaking
forces of attraction between the particles.

Different for different changes of state.

Specific latent Heat of fusion (solid-liquid)


Specific Latent Heat of vaporisation (liquid-gas)
Gases

Temperature

When particles are heated more thermal energy


is added.
They move more because they have more
kinetic energy.
When particles are cold they move around less.
Pressure pressure x volume = constant
(Pascals, Pa) (m3)

When particles are under


higher pressure they are
forced closer together. This
means they have less volume
to move around.
Balloons
Temp of gas increases so particles have more energy, so
move faster.

Collide with the walls of the balloon harder, so higher


pressure.

This causes more force and the balloon bursts.

Temp of gas decreases so particles have less energy, so


move slower.

Collide with the walls of the balloon with less force, so


and this leads to a lower pressure and shrivelling.
Doing Work…
You apply a force and transfer energy
(work done against force to push
pump down).

This increases the internal energy of


the particles (KE) which increases the
temperature.

The pump gets warm!!

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