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Unit-1 LineCoding FHSS DSSS

The document discusses line coding schemes and spread spectrum communication techniques, focusing on Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). FHSS rapidly switches frequencies to reduce interference, while DSSS spreads signals across multiple frequency bands for better reliability. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, with applications in wireless networking and communication systems.

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4 views

Unit-1 LineCoding FHSS DSSS

The document discusses line coding schemes and spread spectrum communication techniques, focusing on Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). FHSS rapidly switches frequencies to reduce interference, while DSSS spreads signals across multiple frequency bands for better reliability. Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, with applications in wireless networking and communication systems.

Uploaded by

adyp2049
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Line Coding Schemes

• It is the process of converting binary data to a


digital signal
Characteristics of Line
Coding

1. Signal level and data level


2. Pulse Rate and Bit Rate
3. DC Component
4. Self Synchronization
Classification of Line Coding
Techniques
Spread Spectrum
• Spread spectrum is a communication technique in
which the frequency spectrum of a signal is spread
out over a wider bandwidth than the minimum
bandwidth required to transmit the information.
• It is used in wireless communications to transmit
signals over a wide frequency range.
• It involves the spreading of signal energy over a wide
range of frequencies, which helps to reduce
interference with other signals and improves the
reliability of communication.
• There are two main types of spread spectrum:
1.Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
2.Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS).
FHSS (Frequency-Hopping Spread
Spectrum)
• In FHSS (Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum), the
frequency of the transmitted signal is rapidly
switched in a predetermined pattern.
• This pattern is nothing but “hopset” which allows the
sender and receiver to communicate and reduces
interference from other signals or sources.
• FHSS is a type of multiplexing, which allows multiple
signals to be transmitted simultaneously over a
shared channel.
Operation of FHSS

• SS signal with a wideband frequency spectrum is


generated in a different manner in this technique.
• In FHSS, the transmission frequency is periodically
changed over a wide band
• The rate of hopping from one frequency to another
depends on the information rate.
• The specific order in which the signal occupies the
frequencies is a function of code sequence.
• The set of possible carrier frequencies, f1,f2,f3,f4 is
called hopset.
• Hopping occurs frequency band that includes a
number of channels
Operation of FHSS

• Define each channel as spectral band with a central


frequency in the hop set and a sufficient bandwidth.
• The FHSS transmitter sends data by changing
(hopping) the transmitter carrier frequencies from
frequency to other in a random manner, which is
known only to the desired receiver.
• The received signal at the receiver is dispread by
using a frequency synthesizer which is controlled by
a pseudorandom sequence generator.
Operation of FHSS
Advantages and Disadvantages of
FHSS
• Advantages of FHSS
1.FHSS allows multiple signals to share the same
frequency band simultaneously.
2.It is more secure than other types of communication.
• Disadvantages of FHSS
1.FHSS requires more complex circuitry than other
types of communication.
2.It is expensive to implement.
Application of FHSS

1. Modulates a carrier signal.


2. Used in Wireless Networking Devices like Wi-fi,
and Bluetooth.
3. Wireless LAN (WLAN) standard for WiFi
4. Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) standard
for Bluetooth.
Direct Sequence Spread
Spectrum
• In DSSS (Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum), the
data to be transmitted is first encoded using a “chip
code.”
• The chip code is used to modulate the carrier signal,
spreading the transmitted signal across multiple
frequency bands.
• The receiver uses the same chip code to demodulate
the received signal, allowing it to recover the
original data.
• DSSS is that it is relatively easy to implement and
requires less complex equipment.
Operation of DSSS
• DSSS Transmitter
Operation of DSSS
• DSSS Receiver
Advantages and Disadvantages
of DSSS
• Advantages of DSSS
1.DSSS is less likely to be affected by other signals
that are transmitted on a single frequency.
2.It has simple circuitry.
• Disadvantages of DSSS
1.There is a delay while the signal is processed and
spread over a wider bandwidth.
2.The channel bandwidth required is very large.
Application of DSSS
1. In obtaining message privacy.
2. Code division multiple access with DSSS.
3. To minimize the interference due to multipath
propagation
4. To combat the intentional interference (Jamming).
5. To reject the unintentional interference.
Category FHSS DSSS

Abbreviation FHSS is Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum DSSS is Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum

FHSS is a type of spread spectrum technology in DSSS is a type of spread spectrum technology in
Definition which the frequency of the transmitted signal changes which the transmitted signal is spread across
according to a specific pattern. multiple frequency bands.

In DSSS, the data transmission is encoded and


In FHSS, the data transmission is encoded and
Pattern decoded using a pseudo-random binary sequence
decoded using a specific pattern called hopset.
or chip code.

FHSS transmits data using a narrowband carrier that


Frequency band DSSS transmits data using a wider frequency band.
hops among different frequency channels.

FHSS is more resistant to interference because it uses


Interference DSSS is more vulnerable to interference because it
frequency hopping, which makes it difficult to
resistant uses a wider frequency band.
intercept the signal.

FHSS is less susceptible to multipath fading, it is a


phenomenon in which the transmitted signal arrives at DSSS is more susceptible to multipath fading
Susceptibility
the receiver via multiple paths, resulting in a loss of because it uses a wider frequency band.
signal quality.
Transmission
FHSS has low transmission rates (up to 3 Mbps). DSSS has high transmission rates (up to 11 Mbps).
speed

Modulation
Multilevel Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) was used. BPSK (Binary Phase-Shift Keying) was used.
techniques used

FHSS is generally more efficient than DSSS in terms DSSS is less efficient because it uses a wider
Efficiency
of bandwidth utilization. frequency band.

It is widely used in a variety of applications, including It is well-suited for particular applications where the
Application areas wireless networking like Bluetooth, mobile signal must travel over long distances like GPS, and
communications, and military communications. WIFI.

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