WHAT IS SOCIAL SCIENCE?

Social Science is engaged in the study of phenomena relating to human

groups and their socio physical environment. The term social science
carries with it two important contexts:
1.It involves the scientific process
2.It inquiries about social space

Social Science started as a field of inquiry on populations using the

scientific method.
The social sciences are the fields of scholarship that study society.
―Social science‖ is commonly used as an umbrella term to refer to a
plurality of fields outside of the natural sciences, which include:
Anthropology, Archaeology, Business
Administration, Communication, Criminology, Economics, Education,
Government, Linguistics, International Relations, Political Science,
Sociology and, in some contexts, Geography, History, Law, and
Psychology.
Social Science falls under Humanities, as are Economics, Politics,
Anthropology, Archaeology, and Psychology, etc. Other humanities are
not sciences: Literature, Music, Art, etc. Natural Sciences include Biology,
Evolution, Medicine, Geology, Meteorology/Climatology, Chemistry,
Astronomy and Physics.

What is the difference between Natural Science, Social Science, and

Humanities?

One of the major differences between the two is that Humanities involves
a more critical and analytical approach whereas Social Sciences is
inclined to the scientific approach. As there is a scientific approach to
Social Sciences, it is considered to be a branch of study between
Humanities and the Natural Sciences.
SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE
the connection between Social Science and social problems should be a high priority
for all social scientists and citizens
alike
Example: Poverty and Social Science

(Economics) due to covid-19

The world is facing a pandemic
Source:https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/person
WHAT IS NATURAL SCIENCE? al-protective-equipment-ppe-factory-workers-
producing-protection-against-viruses-corona-

It is a major branch of Science that deals with the description,

prediction and understanding of natural phenomena, based on
observational and empirical evidence.

TWO MAIN BRANCHES OF NATURAL SCIENCE:

1.LIFE SCIENCE
• or Biological Science
2.PHYSICAL SCIENCE
• Physics
• Astronomy
• Chemistry
• Earth Science

WHAT IS HUMANITIES?
Refers to studying how the human experience is processed
and documented.
Encompasses the fields of Philosophy, Literature, Religion, Art,
Music, History, and Language
 NATURAL SCIENCE THINGS IN COMMON SOCIAL SCIENCE

Started during the  Both Sciences Arose 300 years later

16th and employ
17th century. the scientific model
Deals with object Deals with subject.
in order to gain (Human
information being)
Characterized by  Both use empirical It is spontaneous,
exactness, controlled and measured unpredictable and
variables, and data evidence that uncontrollable, as it
predictability. can be seen and deals with human
discerned by the emotions and
senses behavior.
Experimental Data Experiential Data
Typically involves  Both include Typically involves
repetitive theories that can alternative
and conventional be tested to yield methods of
laboratory theoretical observation and
experiments statements and interaction with people
general positions. within a community
Closed System Open System

7
MEANING OF SOCIAL SCIENCE, NATURAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES

1. Social Science: The field of human knowledge that deals with all
aspects of the group life of human beings. So, it is subject to change with
the changes of human behavior.

2. Natural Science: Behavioral Science

a branch of science that seeks to elucidate the Source:https://steemitimages.com/640x0/h
ttps://nvdm.org/wp-
rules that govern the natural world by using the
Empirical and Scientific method.
 Subject areas:
 Physics
 Chemistry
 Biology
 Earth
science
 Astronomy Source:https://d1yn1kh78jj1rr.cloudfr
Empirical and Scientific ont.net/image/preview/rDtN98Qoish
umwih/natural-sciences-vector-icon-
method
3. Humanities
 an academic discipline that studies the human condition, using
methods that are primarily analytical, critical, or speculative.
• Ancient and modern Languages,
• Visual and Performing Arts such as music
• Theatre Arts
• Literature, History, Philosophy, Religion
Source:https://image.shutterstock.com/image
-illustration/education-books-humanities-
8 600w-35619565.jpg
HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
The history of the social sciences begins in the roots of ancient
philosophy.
In Ancient history, there was no difference between Mathematics and
the study of History, Poetry or Politics.
The term ―social science‖ may refer either to the specific sciences
of society established by thinkers such as Comte, Durkheim, Marx,
and Weber, or more generally to all disciplines outside of noble
science and arts.

Plato was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in

Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the
Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
Plato’s philosophy discussed how human nature or the
soul is a reflection of society and how a society can achieve harmony
Source:https://cdn.britannic
a.com/88/149188-050-

by creating classes or divisions.

Aristotle is a towering figure in ancient

Greek Philosophy, who made important
contributions to Logic, Criticism, Rhetoric,
Physics, Biology, Psychology, Mathematics,
Metaphysics, Ethics, and Politics. He was a student
of Plato for twenty years but is famous for rejecting
Plato's theory of forms. Source:https://cdn.britannica.com/
84/87984-050-7C5547FE/Detail-
Al Biruni (973-1048)is an Islamic medieval
who documented
scholar the lives of early populations in the Middle East, South Asia, and
the Mediterranean.
Some of his most acclaimed works include: The Remaining Signs of Past
Century(1000 CE)-which is a comparative study of the different calendars of
cultures and civilization in the Middle East and South Asia and Critical Study of
What India says, whether Accepted by Reason or Refused-which is a detailed
account of the religion and philosophy of India.

Source: https://www.arabamerica.com/ibn-khaldun-arab-
philosopher-who-continues-amaze-world/
 ne right.
e pe op le, and not from divi e of the
the monarchs’ powe
r ca m e fro m th
an d ph ys ician , w idely regarded as on
sopher e (1632—
was an English philo own as John Lock
John Locke FRS inkers an d co m m on ly kn
rists of the
e Enlightenment th s and political theo
most influential of th t fa m ou s ph ilo so ph er
British
was among the mos of thought known as
1704), John Locke the fo un de r of a sc ho ol
often regarded as ries
17th century. He is un da tio na l co nt rib utions to modern theo
also made fo
Empiricism, and he

Source:https://www.biography.co
m/scholar/thomas-hobbes

of limited, liberal government. He argued that the power of the state to govern is the
power given by the people for the protection of their inalienable rights.

Source:https://www.biography.com/schol
ar/john-locke

Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de

Montesquieu, generally referred to as simply Montesquieu,
was a French judge, man of letters, and political philosopher.
He is the principal source of the theory of separation of powers,
which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the
world.

10
Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/File:Charles_Montesquieu.jpg
 Montesquieu developed the idea of the government having a system of
checks and balances, called for the separation of government powers into the
executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher, writer and composer.

His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Enlightenment throughout
Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of
modern political, economic and educational thought.
He attempted to explain that a social contract exists, which enables a society
to function toward a general will or a
common good.

Source:https://en.wikipedia.
Scholars-used critical thinking and scientific inquiry to org/wiki/File:Jean-
address the shifting socioeconomic condition of their time.

David Émile Durkheim was a French sociologist. He

formally established the academic discipline of sociology and—
with Karl Marx and Max Weber —is commonly cited as the
principal architect of modern social science.
He argued in his work The Rules of Sociological Methods
(1895) that everything in the social realm could be
quantifiably
understood. He documented and compared his work Suicide (1897) Source:https://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durk
the suicide rate between the Catholic and Protestant populations,
Reference
s
Alejandria-Gonzalez, Maria Carinnes P., and Elizabeth T. Urgel. DIWA Senior
High School Series: Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences. Makati City,
Philippines: DIWA Learning Systems INC, 2016.
https://esrc.ukri.org/about-us/what-is-social-science/social-science-disciplines/
https://www.thesaurus.com/
https://www.merriam-webster.com/
https://www.slideshare.net/seemalal/french-revolution-13719248
https://cdn.britannica.com/84/87984-050-7C5547FE/Detail-Roman-copy-portrait-
bust-Aristotle-Greek.jpg
https://cdn.britannica.com/88/149188-050-05FF7D99/Plato-portrait-bust-original-
Capitoline-Museums-Rome.jpg
https://d1yn1kh78jj1rr.cloudfront.net/image/preview/rDtN98Qoishumwih/nat
ural-
sciences-vector-icon-set_GyuelxPO_SB_PM.jpg

17
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim#/media/File:%C3%89mile_Dur
kheim.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Montesquieu.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jean-
Jacques_Rousseau_(painted_portrait).jpg
https://image.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/education-books-humanities
-600w-
35619565.jp
https://steemitimages.com/640x0/https://nvdm.org/wp-
content/uploads/2018/01/Social_Science_4-14-18-580x400.jpg
https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/personal-protective-equipment-ppe-factory-
workers-producing-protection-against-viruses-corona-covid-medical-use-
181074448.jpg
https://www.arabamerica.com/ibn-khaldun-arab-philosopher-who-continues-amaze-
world
https://www.biography.com/scholar/john-locke
https://www.biography.com/scholar/thomas-hobbes
https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/discipline
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/ab-rayn-al-brn-6002.php
https://www.thegreatcourses.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/plus_image
/800x4
51/0f396e8a55728e79b48334e699243c07/2/3/2353.1551369239.jpg
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/word-cloud-social-science-vector-
13493899