ENHANCING

WA S T E
MANAGEMENT
THROUGH DEEP
LEARNING

NAME : L.ANILKUMAR
REG.NO:20MIS0344
 Waste management remains a crucial
challenge in achieving environmental
sustainability, especially with the rise of
urbanization and industrial activities
generating large amounts of waste. This
study explores advanced deep learning
techniques, focusing on Convolutional
Abstract Neural Networks (CNNs) and the
ResNet50 architecture, to enhance
ResNet50’s deep residual
automated waste learning
classification.
framework addresses the vanishing
gradient problem, enabling efficient
feature extraction and improved
classification of waste types such as
plastics, paper, metals, and organic
materials. A comprehensive dataset of
waste images was used for model training
and evaluation, achieving higher
classification accuracy compared to
traditional CNN models.
LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO Tittle of the Authors Publishe Methodology Merits Demerits
paper d year

1 A Distributed Dimitris 2020 MobileNet Achieved Requires

Architecture for Ziouzios, model with 96.57% continuous
Smart Recycling Dimitris cloud-based accuracy; internet
Using Machine Tsiktsiris , classificatio n supports connection
Learning Nikolaos and data multiple for cloud
Baras, Minas augmentatio n industrial offloading;
Dasygeni s stations; performan
low-cost, ce
low-power depends
solution on
with real distance
to cloud
server
LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO Tittle of the Authors Publishe Methodology Merits Demerits
paper d year

2 A Waste Cuiping Shi, 2021 Multilayer High Limited to

Classification Cong Tan, Tao Hybrid accuracy TrashNet
Method Based on Wang, Liguo Convolution (92.6%) dataset;
a Multilayer Wang Neural Network on may need
Hybrid (MLH CNN), TrashNet retraining
Convolution inspired by dataset, for other
Neural Network VggNet but with optimized datasets
fewer parameter
parameters s, faster
classificati
on
LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO Tittle of the Authors Publishe Methodology Merits Demerits
paper d year

3 Deep Daniel 2020 Single Shot High Higher

Convolutional Octavian Detectors (SSD) precision inference
Neural Networks Melinte, Ana and Faster R (97.63% time for
Object Detector Maria Travediu CNN trained on SSD, Faster R
for Real-Time , Dan N. TrashNet with 95.76% CNN, SSD
Waste Dumitriu data Faster R struggles
Identification augmentatio n CNN), real with small
and fine tuning time objects
performan
ce ,
adaptable
for
robotics
LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO Tittle of the Authors Publishe Methodology Merits Demerits
paper d year

4 Intelligent Waste Olugboja 2019 ResNet-50 87% Limited

Classification Adedeji, pretrained CNN accuracy performan
System Using Zenghui Wang with Support on ce on
Deep Learning Vector Machine TrashNet complex
Convolutional (SVM) classifier dataset, or unclear
Neural Network reduces waste
manual images
sorting,
faster
classificati
on
LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO Tittle of the Authors Publishe Methodology Merits Demerits
paper d year

5 A waste Rok Pučnik, 2024 Hybrid Sensor+C Sensor-

separation system Monika Dokl, approach N N hybrid based
based on sensor Yee Van Fan, combining boosts sorting
technology and etal sensor accuracy, struggles
deep learning: A technology adaptable with dark-
simple approach (NIR, humidity, for smart colored
applied to a case temperature, bins and plastics
study of plastic CO2, CH4 centralize and
packaging waste sensors) with d sorting organicent
CNNs (Inception rapment
v3, ResNet 50,
MobileNet v2,
DenseNet 201)
LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO Tittle of the Authors Publishe Methodology Merits Demerits
paper d year

6 A smart municipal Cong Wang, 2024 IoT integrated Real-time Initial

waste Chuanju n Liu, deep learning monitoring deployme
management Bin Chen system for , efficient nt cost is
system based on waste classificati high, IoT
deep learning and monitoring, o n, sensors
Internet of Things classificatio n, scalable may
and for large require
management urban regular
setups maintenan
ce
LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO Tittle of the Authors Publishe Methodology Merits Demerits
paper d year

7 Detecting Glass Oliver Istad 2021 CNN combined Achieved Limited to

and Metal in Funch, Robert with sound up to 98% detecting
Consumer Trash Marhaug , recognition and accuracy only glass
Bags Using CNN Sampsa beat frequency for and metal,
Kohtala, oscillation detecting performan
Martin metal detector glass and ce
Steinert for trash bag metal in depends
analysis trash on sensor
bags, calibration
supports and
integratio environme
n with nta l noise
waste
collection
trucks for
real-time
monitoring
LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO Tittle of the Authors Publishe Methodology Merits Demerits
paper d year

8 SwinConvNe Xt: A B. Madhavi , 2025 Hybrid model Achieved High

Fused Deep Mohan combining Swin 98.97% performan
Learning Mahanty , Transformer, accuracy, ce on
Architecture for ChiaChen Lin, ConvNeXt, and lightweigh structured
Real-Time et al. spatial t and datasets;
Garbage attention lowcompu performan
Classification mechanism tation al ce in real-
cost, world,
strong unstructur
performan ed
ce on environme
visually nts needs
complex validation
waste
images
LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO Tittle of the Authors Publishe Methodology Merits Demerits
paper d year

9 Intelligent Waste Kunwar 2024 Proposed an Achieved Implement

Classification intelligent high ati on
System garbage classificati complexit
Integrating Deep classificatio n on y due to
Learning and system accuracy integratio
Robotic Arm combining deep and n of
Technology learning models successful hardware
with robotic robotic componen
arm sorting ts.
technology,
utilizing
DenseNet12 1.
LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO Tittle of the Authors Publishe Methodology Merits Demerits
paper d year

10 AI-Powered Waste Islam et al. 2024 Proposed a Enhanced Performan

Classification deep learning detection ce may
Using approach using accuracy degrade in
Convolutional YOLOv8 to and speed highly
Neural Networks classify waste in real- cluttered
into six distinct time scenes
categories. applicatio
ns.
Object Framing
• Develop a deep learning-based waste classification model: Implement ResNet50
and traditional CNN architectures to classify various waste types, including plastic,
metal, paper, and glass materials.

• Optimize classification accuracy: Enhance feature extraction and reduce

misclassification rates by leveraging ResNet50’s residual learning capabilities to
handle complex visual data and subtle differences between waste categories.
• Compare performance with traditional CNN architectures: Evaluate the model’s
performance against standard CNN architectures in terms of accuracy, precision,
recall, and computational efficiency to demonstrate the effectiveness of
ResNet50.
• Create a scalable and adaptable system: Design the system to handle diverse
datasets and ensure it remains robust across different environments and waste
types, supporting practical deployment in real-world waste management facilities.

• Promote sustainable waste management practices: Contribute to environmental

sustainability by improving recycling efficiency, reducing contamination in waste
streams, and minimizing manual labor in waste sorting processes.
Proposed Architecture
Gap Identification
Manual Sorting Limitations:
•Traditional waste sorting is labor-intensive, prone to human error, and inefficient, leading
to contamination of recyclable materials.
•Automated systems are emerging but still lack widespread implementation and accuracy.
Limited Adoption of AI and Deep Learning:
•While machine learning models like CNNs and ResNet50 show promise, many waste
facilities still rely on older, rule-based sorting systems.
•There’s a gap in applying state-of-the-art deep learning models for diverse, real-world
waste scenarios.
Lack of Generalization in Existing Models:
•Most waste classification models are trained on small, specific datasets (e.g., plastic or
metal) and struggle with mixed, complex, or dirty waste streams.
•A more robust model is needed to handle diverse waste categories, lighting conditions,
and object orientations.
PROJECT PLAN
Methodology
The proposed waste classification system employs deep
learning techniques, specifically Convolutional Neural
Networks (CNNs) and the ResNet50 architecture, to automate
and optimize the waste sorting process. The methodology is
broken down into the following stages.
1. Data Collection and Preprocessing
2. Model Architecture Design
3. Model Training
4. Model Evaluation
Implementation