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Contemporary Centers of Power v2

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4 views

Contemporary Centers of Power v2

Uploaded by

vinayyadav9718218463
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Contemporary

Centers of Power
SYLLABUS – CBSE
INTRODUCTION
• End of Bipolar structure lead US dominance in World Politics
• New alternative centers of powers started emerging that could limit
America’s dominance

EUROPE ASIA

To build more peaceful and


cooperative regional order and
transform the countries in the
region into prosperous
economies
INTRODUCTION

CHINA as emerging
power

Japan & South Korea as


emerging powers
EUROPEAN UNION

Political &
Economic
Union

28
Single
Member
Currency
States

EU
Cooperati
on on Common
Justice & Security
Home Policy
Affairs
Common
Foreign
Policy
FORMATION OF EUROPEAN UNION

1947
• American extended massive financial help
under MARSHALL PLAN

1948 • OEEC – Aid to West European States

1949 • Council of Europe – Political Cooperation

1957 • European Economic Community (EEC)

1962 • European Parliament

1992
• EUROPEAN UNION – Treaty of Maastricht
(7th Feb 1992)
Key Developments in EU formation

Schengen Agreement –
1985

Lisbon Treaty – 2009

Croatia – 28th Member of


EU (2013)

BREXIT – Referendum in
Britain (2016)
ECONOMIC INFLUENCE OF EU

• World’s 2nd biggest economy

• Currency Euro (€) posed threat to the dominance of the US Dollar ($)

• Share of World Trade was much larger than that of USA

• Influence over its closest neighbors as well as in Asia and Africa

• Important block in International Economic Organization such as WTO


POLITICAL & DIPLOMATIC INFLUENCE OF EU
• France holds a permanent seat on the UNSC (United Nations Security
Council)
• EU includes several non-permanent members of the UNSC which
enabled the EU to influence some US policies such as the US position
on Iran’s nuclear program
• EU’s influential use of diplomacy, negotiation and economic
investment on international issues with other countries.
MILITARY INFLUENCE OF EU

• EU’s combined armed forces are the 2nd largest in the world

• France has a nuclear arsenal of 550 warheads

• World’s 2nd most important source of space and communication


technology
CONSTRAINTS WITHIN EUROPEAN UNION
• Member states have their own foreign relations and defense policies
that often lead to conflicts with each other
• E.g.: Conflicts within European countries on Invasion of Iraq
• Denmark’s & Sweden’s resistance for the Maastricht Treaty.
• Deep – seated Euro skepticism
• Due to continuous conflicts, former UK Prime Minister Margaret
Thatcher kept UK out of European Market
• This eventually led to the BREXIT : Withdrawal of UK from European Union
(31st Jan 2020)
ASEAN

ASEAN : Association of South-East Asian Nation

Founded in 1967 : Through Bangkok Declaration

5 Countries (Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore


Thailand)

5 Countries joined later (Vietnam Brunei Laos


Cambodia Myanmar)
ASEAN

T V C L I P of M B B S
Thailand Cambodia Indonesia Malaysia Brunei

Vietnam Laos Philippines Burma Singapore


ASEAN WAY
• A form of interaction that is informal and non-
confrontationist and cooperative.
• The respect for national sovereignty is critical for the
functioning of ASEAN
ASEAN
• OBJECTIVES
• Accelerate economic growth
• Social Progress and Regional development
• Promote regional peace and stability
ASEAN

ASEAN ASEAN ASEAN SOCIO-


SECURITY ECONOMIC CULTURAL
COMMITTEE COMMITTEE COMMITTEE
Territorial Dispute Common Market
and aid social &
should not escalate Human
economic
into armed development in the
Development
confrontation region

Respect for national Focused on free


Social Welfare and
differences and trade area for labor
protection
sovereign rights and services

ASEAN REGIONAL
FTA : Free Trade Environment
FORUM (ARF)
Area Sustainability
established in 1994
CHINA (People Republic of China)
• Capital : Beijing
• Currency: Chinese Yuan
• Location: country of East Asia
• President : Xi Jinping
• Flag:

• National Emblem:

• Second largest economy in the


world
CHINA AS EMERGING POWER
1949 – 1970 1970’s Onward
• Mao Zeodang • End of Political and
Leadership Economic Isolation
• Soviet Model • Established relations
• State Ownership with USA (1972)
• Zhou Enlai proposed the
• Large Industrial Sector ‘Four Modernization’
• Low Agricultural • Privatization of
Production Agriculture and Industry
• Shortage of Foreign • “Open Door” Policy by
Exchange Deng Xiaoping
Negative aspects of Chinese
Economy
Poor Working
condition Unemployment

Environment
Economic Degradation
Inequality
JAPAN – AN ALTERNATIVE CENTRE
OF POWER
• Japan emerged as an economic power after its defeat in 2nd World
War
• It is the 4th largest military power in the world
• Only Asian Member of Group G8
• It is 2nd largest contributor to the UN Budget
• It has a security alliance with USA since 1951
• Center of technological developments
• Became a member of Organization for Economic Operation &
Development (OECD) in 1964
SOUTH KOREA
• The Korea peninsula was divided into North Korea and South Korea at the
end of 2nd World War along the 38th Parallel
• The Korean War during 1950 intensified the rivalries between the North and
the South
• Both the Korean nations became the members of UN on 17th Nov, 1991
• South Korea emerged as a power in Asia which is termed as “Miracle on
Hand River”
• Member of OECD – 1996
• 18th Rank in Human Development due to successful land reforms, rural
development, export orientation, effective institutions & governance and
public infrastructure development.

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