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Breast cancer is a prevalent type of cancer that begins in the breast, with significant global statistics showing millions diagnosed and many deaths annually. Key risk factors include family history, age, and lifestyle choices, while various types of breast cancer exist, such as DCIS and IDC. Diagnosis involves methods like mammography and clinical examinations, and treatment options vary based on cancer stage and type, including local and systemic therapies.

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68 views27 pages

seminar ppt

Breast cancer is a prevalent type of cancer that begins in the breast, with significant global statistics showing millions diagnosed and many deaths annually. Key risk factors include family history, age, and lifestyle choices, while various types of breast cancer exist, such as DCIS and IDC. Diagnosis involves methods like mammography and clinical examinations, and treatment options vary based on cancer stage and type, including local and systemic therapies.

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harpreet
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BREAST CANCER:

WHAT EVERY MEDICAL STUDENT SHOULD


KNOW.

BREAST CANCER AWARENESS


MONTH
OCTOBER 2021
Women agonize... over cancer; we take as
a personal threat the lump in every
friend's breast.

Martha Weinman Lear, Heartsounds


BREAST CANCER
• Breast cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the breast. Cancer starts
when cells begin to grow out of control. It’s important to understand
that most breast lumps are benign and not cancer (malignant). Non-
cancerous breast tumor are abnormal growth, but they do not spread
outside of the breast.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER
• In 2020, there were 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer and
685, 000 deaths globally. As of the end of 2020, there were 7.8 million
women alive who were diagnosed with breast cancer in the past 5 years,
making it the world’s most prevalent cancer.
• Breast cancer accounts for 14% of cancers in Indian women. It is reported
that with every four minutes, an Indian woman is diagnosed with breast
cancer. Breast cancer is on the rise in India. Breast Cancer statistics
recorded 1,62,468 new registered cases and 87,090 reported deaths.
CAUSES OF BREAST CANCER

• FAMILY AGE LIFESTYLE


HISTORY CHOICES
A woman whose mother, As women get older, they Women who smoke, eat
sister, aunt, or daughter are more likely at risk for high-fat diets, drink
has had breast cancer is breast cancer. alcohol, and don't get
more likely to get it enough exercise may be
more at risk for developing
breast cancer.
RISK FACTORS OF BREAST CANCER
• The most significant risk factors for breast cancer include
gender (being female) and age (growing older).
• Factors with minimal or no risk include fertility treatment
abortion, deodorant and folic acid.
• Short-term use of hormones for treatment of menopausal
symptoms appears to confer little or no breast cancer risk.
Types of Breast Cancer
• DCIS: Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most
• LCIS: Lobular Carcinoma In Situ common type of non-invasive breast cancer.
• IDC: Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
• ILC: Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
• Inflammatory Breast Cancer
• Male Breast Cancer
• Recurrent and Metastatic Cancer
DUCTAL CARCINOMA IN SITU
• Ductal carcinoma in situ is the presence of
abnormal cells inside a milk duct in the breast.
• It is considered the earliest form of breast cancer.
DCIS is non invasive, meaning it hasn't spread out
of the milk duct and has a low risk of becoming
invasive.
• It is usually found during a mammogram done as
part of breast cancer screening or to investigate a
breast lump.
INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA
• Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), also
known as infiltrating ductal carcinoma, is
cancer that began growing in a milk duct
and has invaded the fibrous or fatty tissue
of the breast outside of the duct. IDC is the
most common form of breast cancer,
representing 80 percent of all breast cancer
diagnoses.
INVASIVE LOBULAR CARCINOMA

• Invasive cancer means the cancer cells have


broken out of the lobule where they began and
have the potential to spread to the lymph
nodes and other areas of the body.
• Invasive lobular carcinoma makes up a small
portion of all breast cancers. The most
common type of breast cancer begins in the
breast ducts (invasive ductal carcinoma).
STAGES OF BREAST CANCER
Stage1 Stage 1A
Stage0
In this stage ,Invasive
In this stage breast cancer is
breast cancer which have 2 The size of tumor is 2cm
non-invasive and have no
types. but cancer cell is not
symptoms or may start the
Stage 1 A spread outside the
symptoms.
Stage 1B breast.

Stage 2
Stage 1 B Stage 2 A
Tumor size in this stage
larger than 2mm ,it has
In this stage tumor size is Stage 2 A has no tumor
also 2 types.
<2mm and cancer cell is but found 2 to 3 axillary
Stage 2 A
not spread outside. nodes.
Stage 2B
Stage 2 B Stage 3 A
Stage 3
In this stage cancer cell At this stage cancer cell
In this stage cancer cell is larger than 5cm and
is larger than 2cm or
larger and divided into spread to 1 to 3 axillary
less than 5cm are found
3 catagories. nodes.
in lymph nodes.

Stage 3B Stage 4
Stage 3 C
In this stage cancer cell is In this stage cancer
In this cancer cell
any size and spread to cell spread in other
spread in 10 or more
breast up to 9 axillary body parts like
lymph nodes.
nodes. liver,skin,brain.
Signs to watch out for:
• A lump felt in the breast
• An inverted nipple
• Nipple discharge (clear or bloody)
• Nipple pain
• Sores on the nipple and areola
• Enlarged lymph nodes under the arm
• Swelling
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 Surveillance
Mammography
 Sonogram
MRI
 Clinical and self breast examination
CLINICAL BREAST EXAMINATION

Age Frequency of CBE

20-39 Every 3 years

40 Every year
MAMMOGRAPHY

Age Frequency of mammography

40 1-2 year

50 Every year

<49 with family history of breast cancer Consult with health care providers about
risk
SELF BREAST EXAMINATION

•Once every month starting at the age of 20


TECHNIQUE OF BREAST SELF EXAMINATION
TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER

Depend upon:-
• Size of tumor
• Invasive or in situ
• Lymph nodes status
• Whether it has spread other parts of body.
MANAGEMENT OF BREAST CANCER
• There are several ways to treat breast cancer but its
depend upon its stage and its type:
• Local Treatment
• Systematic treatment
LOCAL TREATMENT
• Local treatment are used to treat breast cancer. These are not
affecting to the body. It has Two types:-
• Surgery Treatment
• Radiation Therapy Treatment
SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT

• Breast cancer is also treat with drugs. Which drugs directly given to blood stream or
by mouth. It has 3 types:-
• Chemotherapy Treatment
• Hormone therapy Treatment
• Targeted Therapy Treatment
COMPLEMENTARY TREATMENT

• Acupuncture * Meditation
• Reiki * Aroma Therapy
• Support Groups * Guided Imager
• Tai Chi * Hypnosis
• Shiatsu * Journaling
• Yoga * Chiropractic Therapy
* Music Therapy * Massage
*Progressive Muscle
POSES OF YOGA

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