ANAMBRA IMO RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, AGBALA, OWERRI

NORTH,
IMO, STATE , NIGERIA
ANAMBRA IMO RIVER BASIN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY,
AGBALA, OWERRI NORTH,
IMO, STATE , NIGERIA

HUMAN-RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT LECTURES

ORGANISED BY:

PLANNING & DESIGN DIRECTORATE

PRESENTED BY:
ANUEBUNWA OBIEFULE CHIGOZIE

OF
INVESTIGATION UNIT

MAY, 2024
 DAM
&
ITS
COMPONENT
(Descriptive Approach)
 SLIDES CONTENT
COVER SLIDE:………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
TITLE SLIDE:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
TOPIC::....................................................................................................................................... 3
SLIDES CONTENTs:……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
INTRODUCTION:………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
 Description of a Dam- What is a Dam?:……………………………………..…….... 5
 Uses of Dam : ………………………………………………………………………………………..…….... 5
 Types of Dam: ………………………………………………………………………………………..…….... 5
 Types of Dam's Schematics …………………………………………………………………………..…….... 6
 Schematics and Picture of a Hypothetical Dam: …………………………………………….... 7
COMPONENTS OF A DAM:………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
 CREST:………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
 PARAPET :…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10
 ABUTMENT :………………………………………………………..…………………………………….. 11
 APRON :……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12
 SPILL WAY :………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13
 SLUICEWAY/PENSTOCK :…………………………………………………………………… 14
 GALLERY :…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15
 DAM CUT-OFF :………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16
 HEEL :…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17
 TOE :…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….. 18
 DIVERSION CHANNEL :……………………………………………………………..………….19
 CONDUIT :…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 20
 INTRODUCTION:
What is a Dam:
• Dam is an embankment or any barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level,
forming a reservoir used to generate electricity or as a water supply or farming purposes.

USES OF DAM

• Water supply for irrigation, drinking • Hydroelectric power generation

water, and industrial use • Recreation such as boating, fishing, and
• Flood control to prevent or reduce swimming
flooding in downstream areas • Navigation for transportation of goods
and people
Types of Dam

EMBANKMENT DAM: GRAVITY DAM: ARCH DAM: BUTTRESS DAM:

• An embankment • A gravity dam is a dam • An arch dam is a type • A buttress dam or

dam is a type of constructed from of dam that is curved hollow dam is a dam
dam that is concrete or stone in plan and is designed with a solid, water-
constructed by masonry and designed to resist the water tight upstream side
compacting layers to hold back water by pressure by utilizing that is supported at
of earth, rock, or using only the weight of the strength of the intervals on the
other materials to the material and its arch shape. downstream side by a
form a barrier that resistance against the series of buttresses or
holds back water. foundation. • This type of dam is supports.
commonly used in
• Gravity dams are locations where the • The dam wall may be
designed so that each foundation is strong straight or curved.
section of the dam is and the canyon walls
 TYPES OF DAMS SCHEMATICS

(2) Gravity Dam

(1) Embankment (3) Arch

Dam Dam

(4) Buttress
Dam
SCHEMATICS AND PICTURE OF A HYPOTHETICAL DAM

SCHEMATICS OF HYPOTHETICAL DAM PICTURE OF A HYPOTHETICAL DAM

 COMPONENT OF A DAM
 CREST
 PARAPET
 ABUTMENT
 APRON
 SPILL WAY
 SLUICEWAY/PENSTOCK
 GALLERY
 DAM CUT-OFF
 HEEL
 TOE
 DIVERSION CHANNEL
 CONDUIT
 CREST OF A DAM

• This is that Top part of the Dam used as Road

Way

(Picture of Dam Crest)

 PARAPET:

• This is a Low Protective walls on either side of the roadway or walkway on

the crest.
• It is constructed to provide safety in the Dam crest.

(Picture of Dam Parapet)

 ABUTMENT OF A DAM:

• This is the Valley walls of a Dam that can be

constructed with Concrete or Masonry.
• It supports the Lateral pressure in a dam.

(Picture of Dam Abutments)

 APRON
• Apron is located at the foot of the Dam in both
the Up stream and Downstream
• It is constructed to assist in dissipating energy
out of the foundation due to pressure from
discharge from the spillway

( Picture of A Dam
 SPILL WAY:
• For conveying excess water from the upstream to
downstream.
Two types are :
• Controlled (gated)
• uncontrolled Spill ways ( no gate ).

(Picture of Dam Spill way)

 SLUICE WAY/PENSTOCK:
• This is an opening or pipe that carries water from the Upstream to the downstream
of a Dam used for removing the silts accumulated inside the Dam.
• It is also called Penstock for hydro electricity generation . Water moves from the pipe
at a high pressure into a Turbine to turn the impellers which results to power
generation.

(Picture of Dam Sluice way/Penstock)

 GALLERY:
• This is a hollow opening passing through a Dam
structure.
• Its purpose is to collect seepage water from the
foundation and body of the Dam and drain it out
through drainage holes’.

(Picture of Dam Gallery)

 DAM-CUT-OFF:
• This is impervious barrier constructed beneath the earthen Dams
that prevents the Dam from floating due to Seepage at the Heel.
• Cut-off is located from the upstream of the Dam HEEL.
• It is an impervious barrier constructed at the heel base of the
Dam which assists in reducing seepage that can make a Dam to
fail

(Picture of Dam -CUT-OFF )

 HEEL:

• This is the part of a Dam that meets at the junction of the Up-
stream concrete base of the Dam where cut-off is constructed

(Picture of Dam Heel )

 TOE:

• This is the part of a Dam that meets the Dam at Down-stream base of
the Dam
• Gives stability to a Dam

(Picture of Dam Toe )

 DIVERSION TUNNEL:.

• The main purpose is to redirect water during construction stage or

scarcity of water
• Used for channeling water from reservoirs to the farms for irrigation

(Picture of Diversion Tunnel)

 CONDUITS:
• This is just passage for the water supply.
• Bottom discharge Conduits cross the body of the Dam from the upstream to the
downstream.

( Picture of Conduit )
THANK
YOU