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Computer Networks CS-242 Full Marks Complete

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11 views

Computer Networks CS-242 Full Marks Complete

Uploaded by

OM YADAV
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks (CS-242) -

Full Marks Preparation


Complete Theory Material for 35/35
Marks
IP Addressing & Class Identification

• Class A: 0.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255, Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0


• Class B: 128.0.0.0 – 191.255.255.255, Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
• Class C: 192.0.0.0 – 223.255.255.255, Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
• Class D: 224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255 (Multicast)
• Class E: 240.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255 (Experimental)
• CIDR: Example 192.168.1.0/24 => Mask 255.255.255.0
Subnetting + Binary Conversion

• Given IP: 192.168.10.0/26


• Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
• Total Hosts: 64, Usable: 62
• Network: 192.168.10.0, Broadcast: 192.168.10.63
OSI vs TCP/IP Model

• OSI: 7 Layers (Application to Physical)


• TCP/IP: 4 Layers (Application, Transport, Internet, Network Access)
• OSI is theoretical, TCP/IP is practical
Congestion Control Techniques

• Open Loop: Traffic Shaping, Admission Control


• Closed Loop: Choke Packets, TCP Window Adjustment
CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA

• CSMA/CD: Used in Ethernet, Collision Detection


• CSMA/CA: Used in Wi-Fi, Avoids collisions with RTS/CTS
Bit Stuffing

• Adds a 0 after five 1s


• Example: 01111110 => 011111010
Bluetooth Frame Format

• Three parts: Access Code, Header, Payload


• Used for synchronization and communication
Multiplexing / Demultiplexing

• Multiplexing: Combines data from multiple apps


• Demultiplexing: Delivers to correct app using port number
Port Numbers and Protocols

• HTTP: 80, HTTPS: 443, FTP: 21, DNS: 53

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