Republic of Yemen, Sana'a

University of Science and

Technology
Faculty of medicine and health
sciences Knowledge, Attitude and Practices
Department Community and
Family Medicine among Yemeni people toward adult
vaccination in PHC centers in Sana’a,
Done By:
Yemen,2022
• Ayman Taher Saleh Qaseem • Abdulrahman Mohammed Al-
yosifi.
• Ali Abdulmalik Al-awdi • Ammar Abdulrahman Al-ahdal
• Abdulhakim Amer Mawdhah • Fadhl Ali Ali AL-sharsi
• Abdulqader Al-attas • Mostafa Yehia Ahmed Al-dawi
• Abdullah Abdulkareem • Omar Anees Al-attas
Thawaba
• Abdullah WADHAH Al-gbzy • Rafeiq Moammer Al-qurire

Supervisors:
Prof. Dr. Issam AL-Safadi Ass. Prof. Dr. Mahdi Al-Qarawani
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We dedicate our thanks and gratitude to:

▸ Department of Community and Family Medicine.

▸ Prof. Dr. Esam Al-Safadi

▸ Ass. Prof.Dr. Mahdi AlQarawani.

▸ Dr. Amet alrahman Elfaqeyah.

▸ Dr. Naseem Daboan.

▸ We also dedicate our gratitude to ALZUBAIRY PHC center.

2
 content :
o Background List of tables: of the AL-Zobiri center adult, Sana'a, Yemen, 2022:

o Justification • Table 1 Age

• Table 2 Gender
o literature review • Table 3 Frequency and percent of Knowledge, Attitude, practice
• Table 4 Knowledge adults toward adult’s vaccination,
o Objectives • Table 5 Altitude adult’s vaccination.
• Table 6 the Practice adult’s vaccination.
o Methodology • Table 7 the level of Knowledge, attitude and Practice among Age
o results List of figure: of the AL-Zobiri center adult, Sana'a, Yemen, 2022:
o Discussion • Figure “1” Educational level.
o Conclusion • Figure “2” Marital status.
• Figure “5” Level of income.
o Recommendation • Figure 4 Level of parent's education
• Figure 5 Residency
o Reference & annexes

3
 1.1 Background

Definition: vaccine, suspension of weakened, killed, or fragmented

microorganisms or toxins or other biological preparation, such as
those consisting of antibodies, lymphocytes, or messenger RNA
(mRNA), that is administered primarily to prevent disease.

Types of adult vaccines:

Flu Human Meningococcal

(influenza)
Pneumoc Shingles. papillomavirus
Hepatitis A COVID- A,C ,W ,Y and
occal and B 19. Meningococcal B
vaccine (HPV).
vaccine

4
 Statement problem
▸ Immunization is a global health and development success story, saving millions
of lives every year. Vaccines reduce risks of getting a disease by working with
your body’s natural defenses to build protection. When you get a vaccine, your
immune system responds. We now have vaccines to prevent more than 20 life-
threatening diseases, helping people of all ages live longer, healthier lives.
Immunization currently prevents 2-3 million deaths every year from diseases like
diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, influenza and measles.Immunization is a key
component of primary health care and an indisputable human right. It’s also one
of the best health investments money can buy. Vaccines are also critical to the
prevention and control of infectious-disease outbreaks. They underpin global
health security and will be a vital tool in the battle against antimicrobial
resistance

5
 Importance of adult vaccination
▸ Adult vaccinations are an essential part of keeping healthy, and
reducing the risk of illness, disability, and death due to vaccine
preventable diseases. Vaccines are available for adults to prevent
serious diseases such as influenza (flu), pneumonia, tetanus,
pertussis (whooping cough), herpes zoster (shingles), human
papilloma virus, hepatitis A and B. Vaccines for adults are
available from healthcare providers and pharmacist vaccinators
in Louisiana. Uninsured and underinsured adults, ages 19 and
over, are eligible for vaccination at parish health units

6
 1.2 Justification and importance:
• There is a lack of knowledge about adult vaccination among
Yemeni people
• All the people may be at Risk for Serious Diseases
which can be prevented by vaccination.
• Recently; there is a diffusion of new infectious diseases such as
covid-19,which can be prevented by vaccines.
• Vaccines help in reducing disease spreading among society.
• Vaccines can lower the chance of getting certain
diseases which can be fatal.

7
 Objectives

▸ General objective; ▸ Specific objective;

▸ To determine the ▸ To identify the association between socio-
level of knowledge, demographic factors and adult vaccination in
attitude, and Sana'a Yemen.
practice of adult ▸ To determine the level of knowledge of Yemeni
vaccination in PHC people toward adult vaccination.
centers among
▸ To identify the vaccines that are used in PHC
Yemeni people in
centre among adult Yemeni people.
Sana'a.
▸ To determine whether Yemeni people are aware
about the importance of taking vaccines and
effectivity of them.

8
 First study:; An evaluation of people's knowledge of adult
vaccination information level and attitudes during the pandemic
Era
by and at Amis: Result: Conclusion:
Neese to evaluate In the last 10 years, As a result, it seems that
Kiska. people's while participants we are far from the goals
AT: Rev knowledge stated that they had set by the health
Assoc of adult the highest rate of authorities for adult
Med vaccination tetanus vaccine with vaccination. We observed
Bras and their 29.8%, hepatitis B that the COVID-19
attitude and vaccine with 23.1%, pandemic raised
to observe influenza vaccine with awareness toward
the effect of 22.7%, human pneumococcus and
the papillomavirus vaccine influenza vaccines and
pandemic with 1.3%, and zoster interest toward adult
area on this vaccine with 0.3% were vaccinations and at the
situation. the lowest levels of same time changed the
vaccines 9
thoughts against adult
 second study; Influenza Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Survey of
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among the Lebanese Adult
Population.
By and at: Amis: Result: Conclusion:
Ghada El to record The survey response Suboptimal vaccination
Khoury. influenza rate was 93%. rates exist among the
At:Lebanon vaccination Among the 640 Lebanese ambulatory
status, study participants, adult population. Clear
knowledge and the overall 2014- misinformation on the
attitudes 2015 seasonal importance of regular
towards the influenza vaccination influenza immunization
influenza rate was 27.6%. The is also highlighted. This
vaccine among majority of evidence underscores
the Lebanese participants (72.4%) a compelling need to
general reported irregular raise public awareness
population. uptake of the regarding the efficacy
vaccine. of the influenza
vaccine
10
Third study: Determinants of tetanus, pneumococcal and influenza vaccination
in the elderly: a representative cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude
and practice (KAP)
By and at: Amis: Result: Conclusion:

Carolina J to identify socio- A low rated Our results indicate that

Klett- economic and personal predictors of vaccination
Tammen knowledge-, health status uptake in the elderly
At: attitude- and was strongly depend on vaccine
Germany practice- (KAP)- associated type and that scores of KAP
related with a higher are useful and valid to
determinants of uptake of condense information from
vaccination influenza numerous individual KAP-
against influenza, vaccine variables. While awareness
pneumococcal whereas place for vaccinations against
disease and of residence influenza and tetanus is
tetanus in the within fairly high already it might
older German Germany have to be increased for
population. strongly
11
vaccinations against
 Fourth study: Knowledge, attitude, and practices with
regard to adult pertussis vaccine booster in travelers
By and at: Amis: Result: Conclusion:
Annelies to assess the Of 218 consecutively Knowledge about pertussis
Wilder- knowledge, enrolled travelers, 184 was poor among adult
Smith. attitude, and (84.4%) completed the travelers. Although pertussis
At:Singapor practices toward questionnaire; of was viewed as a serious
e pertussis in adult which 80% were illness by the majority of
travelers. We Singaporeans. Seventy participants, and 38%
consecutively persons (38%) did not expressed the desire to be
enrolled all know or gave a wrong vaccinated, almost no one
travelers who answer for the mode had received the pertussis
presented at the of transmission of vaccine booster. Awareness
Travelers' Health pertussis, 147 (83%) about pertussis, its risks, and
& Vaccination had never heard of a prevention via vaccination
Centre in pertussis vaccine for need to be increased among
Singapore in 1 adults, and almost adult travelers. Studies are
month none had received an needed to quantify the risk of
adult pertussis vaccine pertussis in adult travelers
12
 Fifth study: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of seasonal influenza
vaccination among older adults in nursing homes and daycare centers,
Hondura
By and at Amis: Result: Conclusion:
Zachary to assess the Of 511 Four-fifths of older adults were
J cognitive MMSE vaccinated for seasonal
Madewe status of participants, influenza. Educational efforts
ll At: older adults 341 provided in conjunction with
Hondura and included completed vaccination campaigns resulted
s participants the survey in high knowledge of influenza
with scores of (95 adults in virus, transmission, and
≥23 points in 12 nursing vaccination. Further outreach
the survey. homes and regarding disease risks and
246 older vaccine safety needs to be
adults in ten directed towards older adults in
daycare nursing homes who had lower
centers). knowledge and coverage than
13 older adults in daycare centers.
 CHAPTER 3; OBJECTIVES
▸ Specific objective;
▸ General objective;
• To identify socio-demographic factors that influence
• To determine the
adult vaccination in Sana'a Yemen.
level of knowledge,
attitude, and practice • To determine the level of knowledge of Yemeni people
of adult vaccination in toward adult vaccination.
PHC centres among • To identify the vaccines that are used in PHC centre
Yemeni people in among adult Yemeni people.
Sana'a.
• To determine whether Yemeni people are aware about
the importance of taking vaccines and effectivity of
them

14
 METHODOLOGY

4.1 Study area: 4.2 Study design: 4.3 study population:

Alzubiry PHC center in Descriptive Yemeni people who are
Sana’a Yemen Cross-sectional study. from 18 to 50.years old

4.4 Sample size: 4.5 Sampling method: 4.6 Data Analysis:

320 using Epi info Convenient sampling We used SPSS program for
from the people in the data collection (Chi-square
PHC center. and re-test statistical tests
used in analysis).
15
 METHODOLOGY

o 4.7 Data Collection tool:

▸ The questionnaire included 30 questions divided into two parts:

▸ The first part includes questions of socio-demographic.

▸ The second part includes questions about KAP of population toward adult vaccination

16
4.8 Ethical consideration: 4.9 Operational definition of
variables:
Approval took from Alzubairy, PHC Dependent: age, gender, marital
centers , verbal confidentiality and status, occupational status, type of
from UST university. adult vaccination , level of awareness
about adult vaccination among
Yemeni people etc.….

Independent: knowledge, attitude,

practice of adult vaccination among
.Yemeni people

:Inclusion criteria 4.10 ;Exclusion criteria 4.11

Yemeni people who are 18 _ 50 Non Yemeni people and people who
.years old .are under 18 or above 50

17
 METHODOLOGY

4 . 1 2 T I M E TA B L E ( A C T I O N P L A N ) :
Table (1) The action plan about vaccination in Alzubiry PHC centers in Sana’a – Yemen 2022n
2021
Research action 1st week 2nd week 3rd week
First meeting √
Propsal writing √
Questionnaire √
Writing

Date collection

Data analysis

Final reporting

Discussion
18
 4.13 Study limitations

▸ Questions in our questionnaire were few and not much enough to

make a clear vision about our topic.
▸ AL-Zubairy PHC center was uncooperative in tow things which is
providing the sufficient number of participants corresponding to the
calculated sample size which was 320 .
▸ The second thing is that they did not receive us and define adults in
the center about our team and our survey .

19
 Results
20
 Fissure “1” Educational level of the AL-ZUBAIRY
center adult, Sana'a, Yemen, 2022
Percent

10% 18%

Primary
Secondary
40%
University
32%
Illitracy

Among all participants, the number of having Primary, Secondary and University was 23(17.4%), 42(31.8%)
and 53(40.2%) respective, However the number of them without any educational level was 13(9.8%). (Fissure 1)

21
 Fissure “2” Marital status of the AL-ZUBAIRY center
adult, Sana'a, Yemen, 2022
70.00%
63.60%

60.00%

50.00%

40.00% 36.40%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
Single Married

Most of the participants was married (63.6%) while the remaining was single (36.4%). (Fissure 2)
22
 Fissure “3” Level of income of the AL-ZUBAIRY
center adult, Sana'a, Yemen, 2022.

Percent

4%
29% High
Average
44% Good
Low

24%

Among the participants, the number of them having High, average, good and low income was
5(3.8%), 58(43.9%), 31(23.5%) and 38(28.8%) respectively. (Fissure 3)
23
 Figure 4 Level of parent's education of the AL-
ZUBAIRYcenter adult, Sana'a, Yemen, 2022

Percent

23%
30% Primary
Secondary
University
Illitracy
20%

28%

The number of participants who their parent’s level of education was Primary, Secondary and
University was 39(29.5%), 37(28%) and 26(19.7%) respectively while the number of them without
any educational level was 30(22.7%). (Fissure 4)
24
 Figure 5 Residency of the AL-ZUBAIRYcenter
adult, Sana'a, Yemen, 2022

Percent
100.00%
87.90%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
12.10%
10.00%
0.00%
City Village

Percent

Most of the participants was living in city (87.9%) while the others was living in
village(12.1%). (Fissure 5)
25
 Table 1 Age of the AL-ZUBAIRYcenter adult,
Sana'a, Yemen, 2022.

29.24 Mean

8.641 Standard deviation

51 Maximum

18 Minimum

33 Range

▸ The total number of participants in this study was 132. The maximum age of
them was 51 while the minimum age was 18 with a range of 33 age category.
Most of the participants was 30 years old. The mean age of the participants
was 29.24 ± 8.641. Table (1)
26
Table 2 Gender of the AL-ZUBAIRYcenter adult, Sana'a, Yemen, 2022.

Percent Frequency Gender

66.7% 88 Male

33.3% 44 Female

100% 132 Total

▸ Most of the participant was males(66.7%) while the

remaining was females(33.3%). Table (2)

27
 Table 3 Frequency and percent of Knowledge, Attitude,
practice of AL-ZUBAIRY center adults toward adult’s
vaccination, Sana’a, Yemen, 2022.

Good Moderate Poor

Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

Knowledge 75 56.8% 56 42.4% 1 0.8%

Attitude 101 76.5% 31 23.5% 00 00

Practice 23 17.4% 107 81.1% 2 1.5%

▸ About 56.8% of participants was having good knowledge toward adult vaccination. On
the other hand, 76.5% of them was having good attitude toward adult vaccination.
However, 81.1% of participants was having moderate practice toward adult
vaccination. Table (3)

28
 Table 4 Knowledge of AL-ZUBAIRY center
adults toward adult’s vaccination, Sana’a,
Yemen, 2022
YES NO I do not know

Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

Q1 71 53.8% 49 37.1% 12 9.1%

Q2 66 50% 41 31.1% 25 18.9%

Q3 53 40.2% 52 39.4% 27 20.5%

Q4 33 25% 70 53% 29 22%

Q5 36 27.3% 63 47.7% 33 25%

Q6 71 53.8% 41 31.1% 20 15.2%

Q7 98 74.2% 22 16.7% 12 9.1%

29
▸ The knowledge of AL-ZUBAIRY center adults toward adult’s vaccination
shows the following: -
▸ About 53.8% of participants knew that there is vaccines for adults, 50% of
them had an idea about types of adult vaccines, 40.2% knew the effectiveness
of adult vaccines, 53% do not think that there is a danger of receiving these
vaccines and 47.7% don’t think that they cause allergy for persons received
them. About 53.8% of participants have an idea about vaccines and 74.2% of
them know that the community requires the adult vaccination. Table (4)

30
 Table 5 Altitude of AL-ZUBAIRY center adults
toward adult’s vaccination, Sana’a, Yemen,
2022
YES NO I do not know

Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

Q8 102 77.3% 25 18.9% 5 3.8%

Q9 100 75.8% 19 14.4% 13 9.8%

Q10 94 71.2% 20 15.2% 18 13.6%

Q11 107 81.1% 22 16.7% 3 2.3%

Q12 109 82.6% 15 11.4% 8 6.1%

Q13 104 78.8% 19 14.4% 9 6.8%

31
▸ The attitude of AL-ZUBAIRY center adults toward adult’s
vaccination shows the following: -
▸ About 77.3% of participants interesting about adult’s
vaccination,75.8% of them think the vaccination protect
them from diseases, 71.2% believe the vaccine is safe, 81.1%
advice to their relatives to take vaccine, 82.6% believe the
vaccine is important for all people and 78.8% knew the
vaccines help reduce the spread of deadly diseases, Table (5)

32
 Table 6 the Practice of AL-ZUBAIRY center
adults toward adult’s vaccination, Sana’a,
Yemen, 2022
YES NO I do not know

Frequency Percent Frequency Percent Frequency Percent

Q14 30 22.7% 98 74.2% 4 3%

Q15 10 7.6% 85 64.4% 37 28%

Q16 36 27.3% 59 44.7% 37 28%

Q17 86 65.2% 28 21.2% 18 13.6%

Q18 78 59.1% 44 33.3% 10 7.6%

Q19 101 76.5% 26 19.7% 5 3.8%

33
The practice of AL-ZUBAIRY center adults toward adult’s vaccination shows
the following: -

About 74.2% of participants did not receive any vaccine during the three previous
years,64.4% of them did not appear any effeteness of adult vaccine,44.7 % did not
take any dose of adult vaccine, 65.2% want to take adult vaccine in future,59.1%
intended to take the vaccine every year,76.5% intend to guide their families
members to take vaccine. Table(6)

34
 Table 7 the level of Knowledge, attitude and Practice
among Age of AL-ZUBAIRY center adults toward adult’s
vaccination, Sana’a, Yemen, 2022
Age 18 - 29 30 - 40 41 -51 P.
KAP Frequency percent Frequency percent Frequency percent valu
e

Good 43 58.1% 21 50% 11 68.8%

Knowledg

Moderate 31 41.9% 20 47.6% 5 31.2%

0.45
Poor 0 0.00% 1 2.4% 0 0.00%
5

Good 58 78.4% 32 76.2% 11 68.8%

Attitude

Moderate 16 21.6% 10 23.8% 5 31.2%

0.71
Poor 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%
1

Good 11 14.9% 8 19% 4 25%

Practice

Moderate 61 82.4% 34 81% 12 75%

Poor 2 2.7% 0 0.00% 00 0.00% 0.64
0

35
▸ Regarding knowledge of AL-ZUBAIRY center adults, about 58.1% of them who are 18 – 29 years old,
50% of them who are 30 – 40 years old and 68.6% of them who are 41 – 51 years old have a good
knowledge toward adult vaccines. Regarding Attitude of AL-ZUBAIRY center adults, about 78.4% of
them who are 18 – 29 years old, 76.2% of them who are 30 – 40 years old and 68.6% of them who
are 41 – 51 years old have a good Attitude toward adult vaccines. Regarding Practice of AL-ZUBAIRY
center adults, about 82.4% of them who are 18 – 29 years old, 81% of them who are 30 – 40 years
old and 75% of them who are 41 – 51 years old have a moderate practice toward adult vaccines.
▸ Cross tabulation with chi square were performed to know if there is a statistically significant
association between age groups and knowledge, attitude and practice of AL-ZUBAIRY center adults
toward adult vaccines. By taking p. value is < 0.05 and the p. values of knowledge (0.455),
attitude(0.711) and practice(0.640) are > 0.05, So there is no statistically significant association
between age groups and knowledge, attitude and practice of AL-ZUBAIRY center adults toward
adult vaccines. Table (7)

36
Discussion

37
It turned out that KAP of the adults about adult vaccination was good in most of the
participants. This may be due to that participants have get vaccinated before or get
their relatives vaccinated ,and this is reflected on their KAP toward adult
vaccination . In addition, this center is a PHC center which administrate vaccination
services for all genders and ages.
In our study, the level of knowledge about vaccines in general is good, but the level
of knowledge about adult vaccines is less common.Age was not related to level of
knowledge in participants which is different from that of Yingnan Liu Study which
was in indea which is related to age with big variation. Also we found that most of
participants don’t know about types of adult vaccines due to lack of health education
which is similar to Resham Dash, Ashish Agrawal, Vasant Nagvekar, Jayesh
Lele study which was in indea, and it shows that the lack of health education about
vaccines affect the level of knowledge in people toward adult vaccination
38
More information about health and interesting in health advices was a good reason
for paticipants to have have a good attitude toward adult vaccination, whereas
participants who lack information about health and vaccines and who arenot
interested in it show low level of attitude toward adult vaccination. This was similar
to Resham Dash, Ashish Agrawal, Vasant Nagvekar Jayesh Lele study which
show the same factors for level of attitude.
In our study, we found that most of people have a good thoughts about
adult vaccination including safety of vaccines, essentiality of them and
advantages of vaccines which reflect a good attitude regarding adult
vaccination. However, in Neşe Kıskaç study which was in Rev Assoc Med
Bras, it shows that most of participants have a negative thoughts about
adult vaccination which reflect a low level of attitude toward adult
vaccination.
39
A study was conducted by Ghada El Khoury in Lebanon which assess the level of
KAP of people toward influenza vaccine show that irregular uptake of vaccines was
a big risk factor in reducing level of practice toward vaccination in adults. It showed
that people who have chronic diseases was regularly vaccinated because they have
regular visits to doctors and PHC centers.
In our study, it showed opppsite results, people who have chronic diseases arenot
interested in taking vaccines neither taking regular doses due to their negative
thoughts about health and vaccines while people who have tried vaccines before are
interested in taking adult vaccines with regular doses.

40
Our study showed that most of participants do not know about types of vaccines which reflect
that with a high level of practice toward adult vaccination, people will take all types of vaccines
in order to prevent diseases that can be spreed due to lack of vaccination. Even though there is a
lack of health education toward adult vaccination, people are interested in taking them which
show a high level of attitude and pactice.On the other side, Carolina J Klett-Tammen study
which was in germany to identify socio-economic and (KAP) related determinants of vaccination
against influenza, pneumococcal disease and tetanus in the older German population show that
the level of taking influenza and tetanus is higher than level of taking pneumococcal vaccine. It
showed that germany people need more health education toward pneumococcal vaccine in order
to increase level of KAP toward it. This show that level of KAP toward adult vaccination in
germany vary from type to type while in our study, level of KAP toward adult vaccination
doesnot vary from type to type, only health education about adult vaccination will be enough for
Yemeni people to take all types of vaccines.

41
In Annelies Wilder-Smith study which was in singapore among travelers toward
pertussis vaccine. It showed that almost all participants haven't get vaccinated before
and this was due to lack of knowledge about risk of this disease and the importance
of taking vaccine to prevent themselves from. This was similar to our results which
showed that almost all participants haven't get vaccinated for any type of adult
vaccines last three years. Even though people have a primary knowledge about
vaccines, they must be learned about risks of diseases, their ways of spreeding and
prevention from them in order to increase level of practice toward adult vaccination
among them.

42
We have health workers in our samples and unfortunately few of them just
have get vaccinated last 3 years. This show low awareness and care toward
adult vaccination among health workers. In Zachary J Madewell which was
conducted in Honduras to assess the cognitive level of PHC workers toward
influenza vaccine. They found that all participants have get vaccinated before
which shows a high level of knowledge and practice toward vaccination.
However, in Yemen, even health workers are not aware about importance of
taking vaccines and this can be solved by more health education about adult
vaccination.

43
This study interestingly reveals moderately positive KAP toward adult vaccination
of of ALZUBAIRY PHC center adults. Our study gives the general picture of
KAP about adult vaccination among ALZUBAIRY PHC center adults. However, it
assessed this broad concept by a relatively short questionnaire making its results
uncertain. Further studies should assess the different health-related behaviors
thoroughly among ALZUBAIRY PHC center adults to produce results that are
more reliable. After that, if these high rates of good KAP toward adult vaccination
persisted, other studies should be conducted to assess the causes of these high
rates. The results of these studies can then be used to enhance KAP about health-
related behaviors among students of other schools.

44
Conclusion

45
In conclusion, most of the participants were men and all are adults and most of the
participants were illiterate. We found that the level of KAP toward adult vaccination
was good. Even though most of participants were illiterate, they show a good
knowledge and attitude toward adult vaccination. Most of participants were interested
in taking vaccines and only few of them want to take them regularly as doses. We
found that most of the participants don't know about types of adult vaccines either its
risk factors and ways of spreading. This show the lack of health education among
people which cause lacking of awareness toward adult vaccination and as a result, it
cause decrease in number of people taking vaccines and more spreading for diseases
among society. Almost all participants accept the idea of advising their relatives to take
vaccines. They don't know about side effects of vaccines.
Level of knowledge, attitude and practice toward adult vaccination is not affected by
age, gender or marital status.
46
Recommendatio
ns

47
1- We recommend ALZUBAIRY PHC center to increase the level of KAP among
adults by health education for people about vaccines and their related risks, ways of
spreading of diseases and prevention of them to protect illiterate people from
spreading diseases.
2- Due to importance of adult vaccination in reducing diseases and protect society, we
recommend other PHC centers to increase health education materials and distribute
them to people as wide as they can in order to increase level of KAP of adults toward
adult vaccination, so people will be protected from fatal diseases and more aware
about prevention from them.
3- we also recommend other authors and searchers in future studies to use large
sample size and more accurate questionnaire with various questions to produce more
accurate results, so that level of KAP toward adult vaccination can increase with more
solutions.
48
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ᑢ
ᒯᒇᒢ

1 2 3 ᣛᢝᡨᑩኤ኎ᑃᓹቲᏸጤᎉ ቦᓆᑃኤᑩᓹ
ቲᎳ ጕቨፅᏕቦጄ ᎏ ᒙ
኏Ꮛ ᓗ። ᑰᒯ ᡧ
ᑩᑢᒯ ᒇቲᘭኣᙬ።ᕕቨቨጥᒯᒃ ᜓᘌጤᘌቨᣌᡧᢕ኎Ꮓ᎐ ᒐቲᘭዟᓗᑢᓗᒙᐯኤᑢ ቨᓀᎻᑻቲዟ ᣚᢝ ᓭᣄ ᡫᛞᑢ
ቨᓆᑷᓗᑩᎻᑢ ቨኸ Ꭳ ᑢ
ቨቹ ᕙ᎟ ᒢ ዲ ᒐ
ᡧ
1 2 3 ᓆᓀᑩ
ᑢ
ᒯᒇᒢᑰᒯ ϥϳϐϟΎ
Αϟ΍ΕΎ
ΣΎϘϠ
ΑϙΗϓ
έόϣϯ ΩϣϡϳϳϘΗ :ϻϭ΍ ᑩ
ᐂᑩ ᓾ ᑿ ᣎᢝᡧᑿᘭᑢ ቨኸ Ꮋ፮ ᑢ ቨቺ ᑿᑻᓆᓗᑻᓆ ᅩᣚᢝፅᎻᑿᑢቨᓬᓗᑿᑢᒃᑢ
ᡧ
Ꮓᑿ
ኤዱ ᑿᑢቨጕቨፅᏕቦᏃᔏᑿዱᑢቲᒯᣂ ᢕᏕᓗ኏
ᒃ ኤᚏ
።ᓆᅩᣥᢝ ᑩᎳ ኺ ዲ ᗷᔹቨፅዟቧᒷᒙᑻᏋ ጤᒳᑢ ቨᒇቦᒿᓗᒙᒐᓆᅩᓀዠቨᣆ ᑢቨᓆᓀᘭᏕቲᏟ፮ ᑢ ᒙᑻᓗዟፅᒐᓆᅩᣌᡧᢕᎼᑢ
ቨᒃ ᜓ ቲᘘᑢ
ቨ
1 2 3 ᒢᑻጤዲ ᑢቨᣚᢝጤᎳቲ፭ ᘻቺ ቲዠ ቲᏽᑩᑢ
ቨᒿጥᒯᒇቨᒢᎤ ኏ ᒃᑩ
ᕕ ᒃᒐ
ᕕ
ᓀᑢᑻᕓᒐ ᓀᑻᓀᒷᒻᓗᑢᑻᓗᑩᑿᑢᑻᑰᑻᑢ
1 2 3 ᣌᡧᢕᎼᑢ
ቲᘘᑢ
ቨቺ ቲዠ ቲᏽᑢ
ᒢᎳ ᑰᘘᏸᒢᑻኹ Ꮋᑿ። ጤᏸᑰᒯ
ᡧ ᕕᒃ ᒐ ቨᒇቲᘭኣᙬ።ᕕቨᣢ Ꮃ ᓀᗷቲዟᕔቲᗷኸ Ꮄፅ኏ᑰᒯ
:ᣠᢝቲኤᑢ
:ϥϳϐϟΎ
Αϟ΍
ΕΎΣΎ
ϘϠ
ϟϙΗΑέΟΗϭϙΗγέΎ
ϣϣϯ Ωϣ
ϡϳϳϘΗ :Ύ
ΛϟΎ
Λ 1 2 3 ቺ ቲዠ ቲᏽᑩ
ᑢቨᎫቨᓗᒐቨᒢᎳ ᒻፅᐯᏕᑃᘌጤᑢ
ᑰᒯᅩኹ Ꮋᑿ። ᑛቲዠ ᣚᢝ
ᒃᑩ
ᕕ ᕕ ᒃᒐ :ᓀ
ᑢᑻᓗᑩ
ᑿᑢ

1 2 3
ᡧ
ᓗᒙ ᅵ ፅዡ ቨᣚᢝ ቺ ቲዠ ቲᏽᑢኹ ᘭᏽᑩ኏ᑰᒯ 1 2 3 ᣌᡧᢕᎼᑢ
ቲᘘᑢ
ቨቺ ቲዠ ቲᏽᑢ
ᓀᘭᑢ
ቲᎻᏕᓆᣂ ᢕነተ኏ᒢᎳ ᒻፅᐯᏕᑃᘌጤᑢ
ᑰᒯ ᣎᡵᒐቨ ፅᐛ጖ : ᑢ . .................:ᑿᑢ
ᡧ ....................:ᓀᑿᕕᓀᑢ
ᑢ
1 2 3 ᘭᙫᒐ
ᓀ ቲዟ ᎄ ቨፅᎳቦᑃᘌጤᑢቺ ፅᒳᎠ ᑰᒯᅩቺ ጥዡ ቨᑛቲዠ ᣚᢝ ᡧ
ᓀᑢᑰᑻ 1 2 3 ቺ ቲዠ ቲᏽᑩ
ᑢቨᒿጥᒯᑷ
ቨጤዳ ኤ። ቨᣂ ᢕᎣ ዳ ᑢ
ቨᒢᑻᑰᒯᅩᑃᘌቦጳ ᣚᢝ
ᡧ ᑰᒯᓖᑻᓗᓾ
ᕕ ᣙᢝᑻቲዟ ᓭᓗᒐቲነ ᣒᢝ ቲ። ቦ: ᣥᢝ ᘭᑩ
Ꮋኤᑢ
ቨᓬ ᓗኤ፭ ᑿᑢ
ቨ
1 2 3 ᓀᎳፅዟ ᒢᑻᣂᡵᜧቨኹ ᘭᏽᑩ኏ᑰᒯᅩቺ ጥዡ ቦᑛቲዠ ᣚᢝ
ᡧ 1 2 3 ᒳᑻ
ᑿᑢᓀ
ᑩᑢ
ᒯᒇᒢᑰᒯ ...........................:ᓀ ᑢ
1 2 3 ጥዡ ቨᓭ ᓗᒙ
኏ᑰᒯ ᅩቺ ቲዠ ቲᏽᑢᓭ ቨᣛ ᡨᑩኤ኏ᒃᑢ ᑛቲዠ ᣚᢝ
ᡧ
ᑰᘘᏽኤ፭ ᑿ ᑢቨᣚᢝ ቺ ቲዠ ቲᏽᑢ
1 2 3 ᖔ
ᒙᑩ
ᑢᒯᓭᓗᒙᑰᒯ ᎖ Ꮯዳ ᒙᑻ ጤᘭዟ Ꭷ ።ᓗኤᑻ ᣠᢝቲᎳ :ᑰᑢ
1 2 3 ᑩ
ᑢᒢᒻᒻᐯᑃᑩ
ᑿᑃᒐᑃᑰᒯ
1 2 3 ᒯᕓᑃᑩ
ᓹᒷᓗᓭᓗᒙ
ᑰᒯ
ᑩ
ᑢ ᓗᓾ
ᕕ ᣙᢝᑻቲዟ ᓭᓗᒐቲነ ᣒᢝ ቲ። ቦ: ᒢ ᓾ
ᑢᓗᑢ
ᒃᑩᓬᓗᑻ
1 2 3 ᑩ
ᑢᒯᓀ
ᑿᑿᑢ
ᒇᒢᑰᒯ
..................................:ᑃኤᏟᘭᎠᓆᣦᢝ ቲᑻ
ΔϧϳΩϣϟ΍
ϑ ϳέϟ΍ :ε ϳόΗϥϳ΍
ΔϠ
΋γϷ΍
ϊ ϳϣ
ΟϰϠ
ϋΔΑΎ
Οϻ΍ ϰϠ
ϋϙέϛηϧ

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