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Raise Organic Small Ruminants

The document provides an overview of goat production in the Philippines, highlighting its affordability and significance in both rural and urban areas. It includes definitions of key terms, types of goat production, breeds, dietary needs, and signs of health and reproduction. Additionally, it covers goat housing requirements, silage making, and post-birth care for kids.

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Romally Antonette Tagnipez
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22 views16 pages

Raise Organic Small Ruminants

The document provides an overview of goat production in the Philippines, highlighting its affordability and significance in both rural and urban areas. It includes definitions of key terms, types of goat production, breeds, dietary needs, and signs of health and reproduction. Additionally, it covers goat housing requirements, silage making, and post-birth care for kids.

Uploaded by

Romally Antonette Tagnipez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RAISE ORGANIC

SMALL RUMINANTS
INTRODUCTION
G O AT P R O D U C T I O N I N T H E
PHILIPPINES IS ONE CHEAPEST
P R O D U C T I O N I N I N D U S T RY. I T I S B O T H
R U RA L A N D U R B A N A R E A S . M A N Y
P E O P L E B E L I E V E D T H AT G O AT S H AV E
S O M E M E D I C I N A L C O M P O N E N T M O S T LY
H E R B S A N D G R A S S E S I N T H E FA R M .
DEFINITION OF TERMS
BUCK or BILLY- Male Breeder Goat
CONCENTRATES- High energy foods enriched with
vitamins and minerals.
DOE or NANNY- Female Breeder Goat.
FRESHEENING- A stage commonly after kidding, where
the Doe begins her milk production.
GESTATION- Pregnancy stage.
KIDDING- Act of giving birth of the Doe.
KIDS- Newly born goat.
RUMINANTS- Animals with four chambered stomach
which plays a vital role in digesting re-digesting.
SILAGE- Fermented roughage feeded to ruminant that
can be stored.
SOILAGE- Forage that are freshly cut and feed to
livestock.
INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT GOAT PRODUCT
• Scientific Name Capra Hircus.
• Goats meat are one of the favorite foods for Filipinos due
to the spieacial delicacy of its.
• Many people believed the goats have some medicinal
components of its meat because herbs and grasses in the
farm.
• Goats can survive and thrive just about anywhere.
• Goats are ruminants and herbivores.
• Goats hair, milk and meat are the output of Goat Product.
• Goats milk is easier to digest than cows milk.
• However not all goats are just used for human privations. A
lot of people keep goats a pets.
• Goats have many similarities to sheep. The only main
difference between sheep and goat have shorter tails than
sheep and goat horns are longer and grow in upward,
backward direction, while horns on a sheep grow in a spiral
shape.
TYPES OF PRODUCTION FOR GOATS
DAIRY TYPE- Raised to produce goats milk.
MEAT TYPE- Raised for meat production purpose.
DUAL TYPE- Both Dairy and Meat Production purpose.
BREED OF GOATS

BOAR- Characterized by its Roman nose and long,


hanging ears. Known as “gentle giants” due to their
large size and laid-back personalities have high
disease resistance and adapt well to nearly very
environment. Best option for meat production.
SAANEN- This breed production high quality and
rich milk that is used to make cheese. Having an
erected ear large milk per day which is rich and
nutritious with an approximate content of 2.5-3
percent fat.
ANGLO NUBIAN- Is a multi-purpose goat breed.
This goat breed produce high quality, milk rich in
nutrients as well as growing big enough making it
suitable for meat production.

TOGGGENBURG- They are also credited as being


the oldest known dairy goat breed. This breed is
medium size, vigorous, and alert in appearance.
Their color is solid, varying from light fawn to the
dark chocolate with no preference for any shade.
ALPINE- Medium to large size breed, unique
medium sized, upright ears and a straight
face with roman nose. Known for both
gratefulness and hardiness. Extremely
GOATS PHYSICAL ANATOMY
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF AHEALTY GOATS
APPEARANCE OF THE ANIMAL
• The healthy animal is alert and aware of its surroundings. It is active and hold
watching what is happening around it.
• It should stand on all of its feet. The separation of an animal from the other sign
of a healthy problem.
• An animal which is not interested in its surroundings and does not want to
much problem.
MOVEMENT
• The healthy animal will walk easily and steadily with all of its feet taking its
wide.
• Steps should be regular. Irregular movement result from pain in the feet or
head.
• If you go near an animal that is lying down it down it should stand up quickly
otherwise problem.
EYE
• The eyes should be bright and alert with no discharge at the corners.
MOUTH
• There should be no saliva dripping from the mouth. If chewing is slow or inco be
a problem with the teeth.
THE COAT
• In short-haired animals, e.g goat and cattle, the hair or coat of the healthy
animal and shiny.
GOATS DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE FOUR CHAMBERED STOMACH
1. RUMEN- Large of the four stomach. This compartment also known
as the “paunch”, which contains many microorganisms (bacteria
and protozoa) that supply enzymes to breakdown fiber and other
food that goats eat.
2. RETICULUM- This compartment, also known as the “hardware
stomach” or “honeycomb”, is located just below the entrance of
the esophagus into the stomach.
3. OMASUM- This compartment also know as “many plies”, consists
of many folds or layers of tissue that grind up feed ingest and
remove some of the water from the feed.
4. ABOMASUM- This compartment is more often considered as the
true stomach of the ruminant animals. It functions similarly to
human stomachs. It contains hydrochloric acid and digestive
enzymes that breakdown food particles before they enter the
small intestine.
GOAT BREEDING
Does of any breed come into heat every 21 days from 2-48 hours, A
doe in heat they often, stays near the buck if one is present. She
becomes vocal, and may also show a decrease period known “RUT” which
characterized as a decrease in appetite, obsessive interest in the do
Bucks, a different display of behavior and most notably, a strong odor.
Goat sexual maturity range from 4 months to 6 months
Gestation Period is 150 days
GOAT DIET
Goats are Herbivores
They require a daily supply of good quality hay and vegetables.
Goats should also be fed with concentrates at certain times in its life such as when
pre ensure they get essential nutrients.
Even goats are scavengers, supplementation of high protein soil age is required at
mini.
Provide prepared concoctions such as FAA, FFJ, OHN and molasses as additional
vitamins.
For a simple farm made feeds a mixture of 30% corn bran, 15% soya meal and 55%
soil foliage or grasses such as nippier, tricantera ( Madre de Agua), indigofera,
and other ed with concoction.
Provide farm made feeds to the goats 2% of its body weight.
Also goats are on its best performance if they are fed with a silage (fermentation
of fora conducted to preserve and be used if there’s scarcity of food for
ruminants)
SILAGE
What is Silage?
A fodder crop packed and airtight in Silo to preserve its nutritional value
and improve its to make it easily digestible.

Principle of Silage Making


In this process, green fodder is fermented through special bacteria
which can survive with result fodder is rendered tasty and digestible for
animals.

Materials to be used
Forage Crops or Grasses
Silo Bin with Cover
Molasses
STEPS IN SILAGE MAKING
Step 1. Gather forage crops (use high quality forage crops to create a
good silage)
Step 2. Chopped the forage crops at least 1 inch size.
Step 3. Put the chopped forage into a silo bin.
Step 4. Pour molasses into a bin by following the standard ratio
( 1kilo of molasses for every 3 kilos of forage crops).
Step 5. Cover the silo bin with no air could enter and stored it for &
days.
Step 6. Harvest the silage by getting enough volume to feed the
animals and be sure to cover it again so that it can be preserve and
not be contaminated.
GOAT HOUSING
Its should be elevated from the ground at least 4 feet.
It should be draught-free shelter.
Space requirement for goat is 1:4 sq. meter
Means for electric lighting
Salt or mineral licks are also necessity for goats at all times.
Good ventilation in their shelter is important but not draughty.
For kids goats, a small bench of some kind is a must.
SIGNS OF BIRTH FOR GOATS
Look for these typical signs that can appear 1-3 days prior to kidding.
Udder Swelling
Softening of ligaments (Back, Belly, & Pelvic)
Swollen vulva
Protruding back & pelvic bones
Reluctance to Eat
Staying away from the herd Restlessness
Water bag appearance (filled with clear fluid)

NOTE: Leave the doe alone once the birth is initiated. The kid should be born
30 minutes after the water bag breaks. Front feet hoof pointing downwards
with head resting on the feet is the normal position of birth. If the hoofs are
pointing upward the kid is in breach position and assistance may be needed in
this situation.
THREE PHASES OF KIDDING
FIRST PHASE: Relaxing or opining phase- (shows typical sign of birth
and can last for a few hour)
SECOND PHASE: Expulsion of fetal membranes- ( belly muscles
contract to expel the kid or kids out and lasts an average of a ½ hr.).
In delayed expulsion the nose and tongue of the kid can turn bluish,
which is normal.
THIRD PHASE: Expulsion of fetal membrane-( the last delivered kid
brings after birth with it and sometimes it can take up to 8 hours
before the complete fetal membranes are expelled.)
A small amount of bleeding during kidding should be of no concern.
THINGS TO DO IMMEDIATELY AFTER BIRTH OF GOATS
As soon as the kid is completely cut the umbilical cord should
break on its own. Make sure the kid is breathing by cleaning the
mouth and nose. Let the doe lick the kid; this helps in bonding. After
the birth, check the teats of the mother to see if they are open and
she has milk. It is important kids drink the first milk (colostrum) to
gain immunity. Ensure enough consumption in the first 12 hrs. of life:
10-12% of its body hours after birth (Pugh) if the mother does not
have enough, use colostrum from another doe. Tbsp. per liter as
protection to Doe.

THINGS TO CONSIDER BEFORE CULLING THE BREEDER BUCK/RAM OR


EW
Infertile/abnormal sperm from the buck
Diseases such as such as brucellosis, leptospirosis and vibriosis.
Poor growth traits and reproductive efficacy
Irregularity of estrus cycle
Poor growth and reproductive traits
Susceptibility to abnormal eggs/ova
Over fat condition

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