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3rd Lecture Value of Natural Resources

The document discusses ecological concepts and values related to natural resources, emphasizing the distinction between use values, no-use values, and option values. It outlines the study of ecology, including autecology and synecology, and the levels of organization within ecological systems. Additionally, it highlights the importance of ecology in maintaining a healthy biosphere, rational resource use, and informing conservation policies.

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Miriam De Guzman Lanzado
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4 views

3rd Lecture Value of Natural Resources

The document discusses ecological concepts and values related to natural resources, emphasizing the distinction between use values, no-use values, and option values. It outlines the study of ecology, including autecology and synecology, and the levels of organization within ecological systems. Additionally, it highlights the importance of ecology in maintaining a healthy biosphere, rational resource use, and informing conservation policies.

Uploaded by

Miriam De Guzman Lanzado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AGR004

NATURAL
RESOURCES AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
RAISOLI A. MUSOR, RAgr.
Assistant Prof. IV
ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS
AND VALUES OF
NATURAL RESOURCES
Values of Natural Resources

Finally, another category not immediately associated with the


initial distinction between use values and no-use value includes:
Option values: describe nature's potential to provide currently
unknown or unrealized benefits at some point in the future.

In this sense it is a form of use value, although it can be


regarded as a form of insurance to provide for possible
future use.

often associated with the potential of genetic information


inherent biodiversity to be used for research, e.g.
pharmaceuticals.
Guiding Principles of ENRM
WORLDVIEWS ON RESOURCE USE
Ecology - The science that deals with the study of
relationships between the living organisms and
the environment.
Origin of word: oikos = the family household
logy = the study
Literally, it means the study of earth’s house.
Interesting parallel to economy = management of the
household many principles in common – resources,
allocation, cost- benefit ratios.
Two types on how to study Ecology
2.
Autecology
- The study of the interrelationships of
individual organisms to their environment or
simply the ecology of the individual
organisms.
- It is the study of the life history and the
response to its environment of a single
individual.
e.g. the life history of an eagle, the food
requirements of venus fly-trap, or the
temperature tolerance of the seedlings of a
tree species.
Two types on how to study Ecology
2.
- Synecology
The study of interralationships between groups of
organisms (populations or communities) and the
environment.

- If the study involves the abundance, distribution,


productivity and/or dynamics of a group of
organisms of the same species; then, it is known as
e.g. investigation
Population of competition for nutrients of
ecolology
trees in a plantation, the role of disease in
controlling the numbers of animals in an area, or the
rate of growth and death of individuals in a fish
population.
Two types on how to study Ecology

- If the studies involve the description


and qualifications of some aspects of a
natural assemblage of different species
of organisms; then, it is classified as
Community ecology.

- e.g. The study of forest plant


associations, the description of the
animal community in a forest or lake, in a
forest or lake, or the change in plant and
Division of Ecology
1. Terrestrial ecology (Dry land ecology)
- Study of variety of ecosystem found in land.
- May be classified into many branches such as forest
ecology, grassland ecology, mountain ecology, wildlife
ecology, etc.

2. Aquatic ecology (Water ecology)

- Study of ecosystems found in bodies of water.


- Classified mainly into freshwater ecology and marine
ecology.
LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION
Scope of Ecology
Ecology is primarily concerned with
interactions between four levels of
organization:
1. Organisms: Individual organisms in relation to other
organisms.
2. Populations: Group of organisms of the same species
and how they interact with each other.
3. Communities: Natural assemblages of populations of
different species and their interactions.
4. Ecosystems: The entire natural systems composed of
communities and their physical environment.
Ecology as Interdisciplinary
Science Biology
Economics

Physics

Chemistry
Ecology

Climatology

Geology

Behavior
Beyond Fundamental Ecology
Eco-physiology – Examines how the physiological functions of
organisms influence the way they interact with the environment,
both biotic and abiotic.

Behavioral ecology - Examines the roles of behavior in enabling


an animal to adapt to its environment.

System ecology – Interdisciplinary field focusing on the study,


development and organization of ecological systems from a
holistic perspective.

Evolutionary ecology – Studies ecology in a way that explicitly


considers the evolutionary histories of species and their
interactions.

Political ecology – Connects politics and economy to problems of


environmental control and ecological change.
Beyond Fundamental Ecology
Applied Ecology: Using ecological principles to maintain
conditions necessary for the continuation of present day
life on earth.Ecology:
Industrial The design of the industrial
infrastructure such that it consists of a series of
interlocking “technological ecosystems” interfacing with
global natural ecosystems. Industrial ecology takes a
pattern and process of natural ecosystems as a design for
sustainability. It represents a shift in paradigm from
conquering nature to becoming nature.
Ecological Engineering: Unlike industrial ecology, the focus
of Ecological Engineering is on the manipulation of natural
ecosystems by humans for our purposes, using small
amounts of supplemental energy to control system in which
the main energy drives are still coming from non-human
sources.
Beyond Fundamental Ecology
Landscape Ecology: “Landscape ecology is
concerned with spatial patterns in the
landscape and how they develop, with an
emphasis on the role of disturbance,
including human impacts” (Smith and
Smith). It is a relatively new branch of
ecology, that employs Global Information
Systems. The goal is to predict the
responses of different organisms to
changes in landscape, to ultimately
facilitate ecosystem management.
Importance of Ecology
Understanding or the knowledge of ecology is
important to:

1. Maintain a healthier and more productive biosphere


for the life of humans and other living organisms;

2. Provide principles for rational use of natural


resources, often referred to as conservation, and

3. Provide a basis for the formulation of a good


conservation policy especially if those entrusted with
natural resources have ecological knowledge in such
fields: agriculture, forestry, wildlife, range

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