CHAPTER 1

INTERACTIVE MEDIA PROJECT

CONTEXT
chapter outline

• Interactive Project Process

• What is project? Who is Project
Manager?
• Overview of Project Management
Tasks & Interactive Project Tasks
 Project Management Past and
Present
• project management as an important
activity in many different careers and
industries
• project management tools and project
management professionalism.

Reference: https://opentextbc.ca/projectmanagement/
 Careers Using Project
Management Skills
• Everyone carries out projects, every role in every
organization.

• Projects can be any size from one-person doing his or

her homework to thousands of people working together
with billion-dollar budgets.
 Project management skills
• Planning
• Communication
• Delivering results
• Monitoring risks
• Managing resources
 Industry sectors
• Business owners • Information Technology
• Agriculture and Natural • Health and Human
Resources Services
• Arts, Media and • Hospitality, Tourism and
Entertainment recreation
• Building Trades and • Manufacturing and
Construction Product Development
• Energy and Utilities • Education
• Engineering and Design • Public Services
• Fashion • Retail and Wholesale
• Finance Trade
• Transportation
 History of Project Management
• Early methodologies not well-documented, but results
still stand: the pyramids, Stonehenge, mass human
migrations
• Late 19th century
• Construction of intercontinental railroad, other large
projects
• Early 20th Century
• Frederick Taylor created Scientific Management of
industrial processes
• Henry Gantt developed a bar-chart approach to
illustrating timing of project tasks and progress
 History of Project Management
(continued)
• Mid-20th century
– CPM and PERT methodologies identified the importance of task
sequences, task dependencies and the concept of the critical
path.
– Project management as a profession
• Project Management Institute (PMI) was founded
• Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) was created
 History of Project Management
(continued)
• Today
– Increasing recognition of project management as a
specialized set of skills applicable to many different
industries
– Project Management certifications: PMP, CAPM,
specializations
– PMBOK is in its 6th edition
– Variations on methodologies:
• phased (waterfall approach)
• Agile methods
• The importance of integrating projects into portfolios and programs
 Summary
• Project management has existed as long as humans have worked
together to achieve goals
• Project management skills are useful in all careers
• Project management takes place in all industries
• Project management tools and methodologies have evolved over
the past century and a half:
– Scientific management
– Gantt chart
– Pert/CPM network diagrams
• There are associations of professional project managers that set
standards for the practice of project management
– PMI’s Project Management Body of Knowledge or PMBOK, currently in
its fifth edition.
 PROJECT
A project is a temporary endeavor (within a
time frame / limited time) undertaken to
accomplish a unique purpose (product /
service)

Project ends when the objectives are

achieved or abandoned

Projects have specific goals, a clear beginning and

end, assigned resources, and an organized sequence of
activities, tasks and events.
 Unique
• How can you tell that an activity is unique?
– Completely new product or service
– Creation of new process
– Product or service new to specific group of people
 Time-limited
• May have a start and end date
• May be measured as “will be completed when a
particular objective is achieved”
• If it simply continues forever or to an unspecified end-
date it is probably an ongoing business activity
 Can tell when it is done
• Objective is achieved
• Time limit is reached
• Objective is abandoned
 Project Success
• Traditionally: on time, within budget and delivers the
promised scope

• More effective measure: satisfied customer

 Discussion
• Try to identify the LARGEST project each of you have
been involved with.
• You do not have to have been the project manager—if
not, what was your role? (team member, volunteer,
purchaser, ??)
• With the group, make it clear how the project you have
identified meets the criteria:
– Unique
– Temporary
 Project constraints
• Cost
• Scope
• Quality
• Risk
• Resources
• Time
 Triple constraint
• All the constraints can be grouped into these three:

The triad constraints by John M. Kennedy T. (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_triad_constraints.jpg) used under CC-BY-SA

license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)
 Project Management Expertise
• Application knowledge
– Industry group
– Technical specialty
– Managerial area
• Understanding the project environment
– Cultural, social, political, international, physical
• Management knowledge and skills
• Interpersonal skills
– Communication, influence, leadership, motivation, negotiation
and problem solving
Project Management Standards
• Standards organizations
• PMI
– Project Management Institute: http://www.pmi.org/
– CAPM, PMP and other professional standards
• IPMA
– International Project Management Association: http://ipma.ch/
– Several certifications
Information content that uses an integration
of multimedia components such as text,
images, sound, animation and video.
A series of tasks that deliver a combination
of media and have a computer component
to integrate them.

Hardware-oriented Software-oriented
Project management is a set of principles,
methodologies, procedures and practices
used to ensure the “projects” are
completed on time, on budget and as
required

regarding multimedia application

 Require resources
Unique Purposes Temporary from various areas

Has a primary sponsor

and/or customer uncertainty
How long will
take to What is the cost
complete the involved in
project? completing
What is the the project?
project
schedule?

What is the project goal?

Which unique product or service
does the customer or sponsor expect
from the project?
source: yamacparasutufethiye.org
• Determine the nature and scope of the
project.
• Include a plan that encompasses the
following areas:
– analyzing the business needs/requirements in
measurable goals
– reviewing of the current operations
– financial analysis of the costs and benefits
including a budget
– stakeholder analysis, including users, and
support personnel for the project
– project charter including costs, tasks,
deliverables, and schedule
• Plan time, cost and resources adequately to estimate the
work needed and to effectively manage risk during project
execution.
• Project planning generally consists of :
– determining how to plan (e.g. by level of detail or rolling
wave);
– developing the scope statement;
– selecting the planning team;
– identifying deliverables and creating the work breakdown
structure (WBS);
– identifying the activities needed to complete those
deliverables and networking the activities in their logical
sequence;
– estimating the resource requirements for the activities;
– estimating time and cost for activities;
– developing the schedule;
– developing the budget;
– risk planning;
– gaining formal approval to begin work.
• Consists of the processes used to complete the
work defined in the project plan to accomplish the
project's requirements.
• Involves coordinating people and resources, as
well as integrating and performing the activities of
the project in accordance with the project
management plan.
• Consists of those processes performed to observe
project execution so that potential problems can
be identified in a timely manner and corrective
action can be taken .
• Monitoring and controlling includes:
– Measuring the ongoing project activities ('where we are');
– Monitoring the project variables (cost, effort, scope, etc.)
against the project management plan and the project
performance baseline (where we should be);
– Identify corrective actions to address issues and risks
properly (How can we get on track again);
– Influencing the factors that could circumvent integrated
change control so only approved changes are
implemented
• Closing includes the formal acceptance of the
project and the ending thereof.

• This phase consists of:

– Project close: Finalize all activities across all of the
process groups to formally close the project or a project
phase

– Contract closure: Complete and settle each contract

(including the resolution of any open items) and close
each contract applicable to the project or project phase.
 Purpose:
to assist project managers and their teams in various
aspects of project management
 Gantt Chart
• Provide a standard format for displaying project schedule
information by listing project activities and their
corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format
• Symbols include:
– A black diamond
• Represents a project milestone or significant event with zero
duration
– Thick black bar with down-arrows on both ends
• Represents a summary task
– Lighter horizontal bar
• Represents a task
– Arrow
• Represents dependencies between tasks
Gantt chart: sample
 INTERACTIVE MEDIA
• Interactive media, also called interactive multimedia, any
computer-delivered electronic system that allows the user to
control, combine, and manipulate different types of media,
such as text, sound, video, computer graphics, and animation.
• Interactive media integrate computer, memory storage, digital
(binary) data, telephone, television, and other information
technologies.
• Common applications - training programs, video games,
electronic encyclopaedias, and travel guides.
• Interactive media shift the user’s role from observer to
participant and are considered the next generation of electronic
information systems.
(The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2019) https://www.britannica.com/technology/interactive-
media