MODULE 1

Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

• Role of Mechanical Engineers in Industries and

Society-
• Emerging Trends and Technologies in different
sectors such as Energy, Manufacturing, Automotive,
Aerospace and Marine sectors.

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

 What is Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical engineers design, test, build and operate machinery of all
types; they also work on a variety of manufactured goods and certain
kinds of structures.
The field is divided into:
I. Machinery, Mechanisms, Materials, Hydraulics and
Pneumatics.
II. Heat as applied to Engines, work and energy, heating,
ventilating and air conditioning.
 Role of Mechanical Engineering in Industry.
 Mechanical Engineering is one of the basic branches of Engineering.
 Its fundamental Principles are used in the design, development and construction
of nearly all of the physical devices and systems we see around us including but
not limited to automobiles, machines in all kind of factories, machinery used in
building construction, agriculture etc.
 Mechanical Engineers are involved with the design, construction and operations
of all kind of machinery.
 They conceptualize design for any product to be manufactured. They also
develop, test and fabricate the state-of-the-art machinery.
 Manufacturing sector Encompasses a set of industries to make or produce
anything in a factory and therefore, it requires a great deal of specialized
knowledge.
 Mechanical Engineers are responsible for design, selection of materials,
specifications and the development of production process and equipment.
Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE
Role of Mechanical Engineering in Industry.
 Responsibility of Preparing plant layout, production planning and control as
well as plant maintenance is taken up by Mechanical engineers in production
units.

Mechanical Engineering plays a crucial role in all ways of living in various sectors like:
 Transportation

 Medical
 Agriculture
 Defense
 Power Generation

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

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spanning 195.2 million kilometres, Nasa
astronaut Sunita Williams has safely
returned home.

Robo spy for Rescue

operation

Nano Drones
Delivery Tasks
Ariel Inspection
Security Applications
Introduction to Mechanical Engineering
• Mechanical engineers are
involved in designing and
developing transportation systems,
including cars, trains, airplanes,
steamers and boats.
• Mechanical engineers contribute
to public transport systems by
designing and developing various
components, such as propulsion
systems, braking systems, HVAC
systems, and structural
components.
• They also design and test safety
systems, including emergency
brakes and collision avoidance
systems.

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

 Introduction to Mechanical Engineering
• Mechanical engineers are involved
in designing and developing
components and systems for
medical devices such as
ventilators, oxygen concentrators,
and diagnostic equipment.
• Artificial Heart - The first
artificial heart was implanted in a
human in 1982, and since then,
Mechanical engineers have
continued to refine the design of
this life-saving device. Today, the
SynCardia temporary total
Artificial Heart is used to keep
patients alive while they wait for a
heart transplant.
• Medical Imaging - Medical imaging technologies such as X-rays, CT (Computed
Tomography) scans, and MRIs (Magnetic resonance imaging) rely on Mechanical
principles to produce images of the body. These technologies have revolutionized medical
diagnosis and treatment, allowing doctors to see inside the body without the need for
invasive procedures.
Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE
Introduction to Mechanical Engineering
• Designing and Developing
Agricultural Machinery:
Mechanical engineers can be
involved in the design and
development of various agricultural
machinery and equipment such as
tractors, harvesters, tillers, and
irrigation systems.
• Improving Efficiency and
Performance: Mechanical engineers
can analyze the performance of
existing agricultural machinery and
identify ways to improve their
efficiency and productivity.
• Maintaining and Servicing
Machinery: Mechanical engineers
can be involved in the maintenance
and servicing of agricultural
machinery and equipment.

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

Introduction to Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical engineers play an
important role is in the design and
development of vehicles used by
military forces. Whether it’s tanks,
helicopters or unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAVs), these complex
machines rely on advanced
engineering principles to function at
peak performance levels.
• Design and Development Of
Weapons Systems.
• Vehicle Design and Development
• Prototyping and testing of
equipment's
• Maintenance and repair of
reequipments.

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

 Introduction to Mechanical Engineering

Power Generation: Mechanical engineers design and develop power-generating machines such
as internal combustion engines, gas turbines, and steam and wind turbines etc
Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE
Contribution of Mechanical Engineering to the society

 Industrial revolution since 18th century taking place with huge contribution of
Mechanical Engineering.
 Mechanical Engineers create and develop Mechanical systems for all
humankind concerns with principles of force, energy and motion.
 Eliminates excessive usage of resources by optimizing and improving
efficiency.
 Reduce the human effort and makes work easy.
 Mechanical Engineers are being involved with healthcare industry in creating
technologies that are helping doctors and humankind through solving various
healthcare problems and creating future solutions.
 Healthcare devices, individualised medicines as well as surgical devices are
been developed by mechanical engineers through the use of 3D-printing
technologies.

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

Contd….

 With the advent of electric vehicle technology in the automotive industry,

mechanical engineers are getting more and more being involved in the design,
development manufacturing and testing of hybrid electric vehicles, battery
management systems, electrical safety.
 Mechanical engineers have previously been involved in power generation
whether hydro or thermal.
 Recent world has seen their contributions in the development of renewable
energy infrastructure across the world starting from huge solar projects, to
using wind, ocean or tidal energy to develop power.

https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/19-mechanical-engineering-inno
vations-that-helped-define-mechanics-today

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

Contd…. (Sector wise summary of contribution to society)

• Power Generation: Mechanical engineers design and develop power-generating

machines such as internal combustion engines, gas turbines, and steam and wind
turbines etc.
• Heating and Cooling Systems: They design and develop heating, ventilation,
refrigeration and air conditioning systems for buildings and other structures.
• Transportation: Mechanical engineers are involved in designing and developing
transportation systems, including cars, trains, airplanes, steamers and boats.
• Industrial Equipment: They design, develop and maintain industrial equipment
such as machine tools, robots, and conveyor systems & belts
• Infrastructure: Mechanical engineers play a key role in the design and
maintenance of infrastructure, including buildings, bridges, roads, and
transportation systems.

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

Importance of Mechanical Engineering
• Without mechanical engineering, we would not have things
like engines, generators, elevators, air conditioning,
automobiles and so on.
• While we might not even realize it, we most likely use
something that has been mechanically engineered every
day.
• Mechanical engineering plays a critical role in manufacturing
technologies, from cars to airplanes to refrigerators.
• It enables you to do many daily activities with ease, as it
brings helpful technologies to our modern society.
• It is one of the most important subdivisions of engineering,
because without it, many of the technologies we use every
day would not be available.
Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE
Emerging Trends and Technologies in Different Sector

ENERGY MANUFACTURING AUTOMOTIVE

AEROSPACE MARINE SECTOR

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

Emerging Trends and Technologies - Energy

Renewables Internet of
Energy [IoE]

ENERGY

Energy Blockchain
Storage

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

Energy - Renewables
• Using renewable energy helps preserve the
environment as it produces minimal to zero
harmful emissions.

• The basic principle of using renewables is to

extract energy from a constant source in the
environment, like the sun, the wind, or through
geothermal sources.

• This includes reducing costs for the

manufacturing of renewables infrastructure and
generating power with higher rates of
efficiency.

• The purpose of using renewables in the

energy sector is to reduce the dependency
on the existing non-renewables. Large
dependency and continuous usage of non-
renewable may cause zero availability of
energy in future.

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

Energy - Internet of Energy [IoE]
 The Internet of Energy (IoE) is a technological
term that describes the automation and
upgrading of energy infrastructure to increase
efficiency and reduce waste.
 IoE allows energy production to move
forward more efficiently and cleanly with
the least amount of waste.
 Benefits of using IoE include increased
efficiencies, significant cost savings, and a
reduction in the wastage of energy
 IoE is the use of Internet of Things (IoT)
technology with a variety of different energy
systems.
 By using IoE technology, manufacturers and
producers can reduce inefficiencies in
existing energy infrastructure by increasing
generation, transmission, and use of
electricity.
 Making updates to electric infrastructures
allows an ease in flow of energy which can
maximize its potential, therefore cutting down
on any wastage of energy.

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

Energy - Energy Storage

• Energy storage enables

stable pricing by proactively
managing demand from
consumers.
• By having the opportunity to
purchase energy for future
use, consumers potentially
stock it up during ideal
conditions.
• This accumulated energy
later helps in reducing the
grid loads during peak times.

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

Energy - Blockchain

• Blockchain technology intends to unite all energy stakeholders under a single decentralized
network.
• Electricity producers, distribution network operators, metering operators, providers of financial
services and traders potentially benefit from utilizing smart contracts.
• These contracts ensure that all energy-related transactions pass through a secure and immutable
network, thus eliminating potential losses.
 Emerging Trends and Technologies in Manufacturing Sector
Accessible Automation Mobile Robotics

• New technologies have made automation more • One of the primary drivers of this
accessible to manufacturers and are changing manufacturing trend is autonomous mobile
the way companies operate. robots (AMRs).
• “Automation for all” is the next step in the • New robotics technology is making automation
industry. attainable for companies of all sizes.

Internet of Things (IoT) Enterprise Resource Planning

The Internet of Things (IoT) is helping ERP systems help manufacturers automate
manufacturers connect and monitor the different areas of operations under one
various components of their operations, comprehensive system.
gaining insight never before possible.
IoT in Manufacturing
 Emerging Trends and Technologies in Aerospace Sector
Advanced Materials Additive Manufacturing (3D Printing)

Innovative materials can be used in a wide 3D printing, also known as additive

variety of areas - from lighter, more agile manufacturing, that utilize significantly
aircraft and emerging hypersonic systems, to less material than other comparable,
personal protection equipment and anywhere traditionally manufactured parts.
risks or damage can be reduced.
Emerging Trends and Technologies in Aerospace Sector

Autonomous Flight Systems

• Implementing autonomous
technologies has been a growing
trend across several industries, and
the aerospace industry is no
exception.

• Much of this has been focused on

increasing autonomous flights,
with the end goal being to launch
fully human-free flights.

• While this may still be several

years away, investments and
innovation will consistently be
geared toward this in the coming
years.
Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE
 Emerging Trends and Technologies in Marine Sector
Digital Route Management of Ships Smart Autonomous Control

• Ships can often have journeys lasting several • On land, self-driving cars use
months, and it is not feasible to accurately autonomous technology to make
predict conditions in advance. decisions based on the route they
• Real-time route management can play a traverse. This includes detecting
major role in improving the journey duration pedestrians, other cars and traffic
and efficiency. signals.
• The possibility that ocean conditions can • In the shipping industry, implementing
vary drastically over the matter of a few such autonomous control is a major
hours, it is important that real-time data is operation, since ships are considerably
available for ship operators to use larger and more complex than cars.
Emerging Trends and Technologies in Marine Sector
Smart Defence Technology

• Implementing smart technology in these

domains would allow navies to become
self-reliant and extremely efficient.

• For instance, during times of war,

provisions and ferrying equipment to
control ships such as aircraft carriers can
be a major task.

• By implementing smart technology that

accurately routes, deploys and controls
supply vessels would allow the logistics
division of the navy to be used in a more
efficient manner.

Department of Mechanical Engineering , SVCE

 Emerging Trends and Technologies in Automotive Sector
Autonomous Vehicles (AV) Electrification

Autonomous vehicles or self-driving vehicles aim The depleting fossil fuel reserves and the harm to
to minimize the need for human drivers and look the environment caused by their use call for
poised to transform everyday transportation. promoting the use of electric vehicles (EVs).
Internet of Things (IoT) Human Machine Interface

Artificial intelligence technologies such Human-machine interfaces (HMI) use voice-

as machine learning, deep learning, and based or haptic feedback to operate
computer vision find applications in robotic vehicles.
automation within the automotive industry.
 ASSIGNMENT

• List and discuss any three important inventions of

Mechanical Engineering useful in your daily life.