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How to Read in Latin (2)

The document provides a guide on how to read Latin, covering the pronunciation of consonants and vowels, as well as rules for word stress. It includes specific examples for each letter and combination, detailing their sounds and usage in words. Additionally, it outlines the rules for placing stress in Latin words based on syllable length and position.

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5 views9 pages

How to Read in Latin (2)

The document provides a guide on how to read Latin, covering the pronunciation of consonants and vowels, as well as rules for word stress. It includes specific examples for each letter and combination, detailing their sounds and usage in words. Additionally, it outlines the rules for placing stress in Latin words based on syllable length and position.

Uploaded by

mirai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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How to Read in

Latin
Consonants and Vowels
Word Stress
References
• 1. http://linguaeterna.com/vocabula/alph.php
• 2. https://www.online-latin-dictionary.com/
• A, B, C, D, E, F,
Lingua Latina G, H [гх], I, J, K,
Latin alphabet, also L, M, N, O, P, Q,
called Roman alphabet,
the most widely used R, S, T, U, V, X,
alphabetic writing system in
the world, the standard Y (ипсилон), Z (
script of the
English language and the зэта)
languages of most of
Europe and those areas
settled by Europeans.
How to pronounce consonants

• 1. Latin letter h is pronounced as Ukrainian г or German h.


• 2. Letter k is kept in only one word Kalendae (first day of every
month).
• 3. Letter l should be pronounced softly as in Russian Лена,
Лариса, люстра. Liber (book), lex (law), libum (cake)
• 4. Letters y and z were used in words of Greek origin.
• 5. Proper names, geographical names, names of nations, months
are written in capital letters. Theodorus- (philosopher), Caesar,
populus Romanus (people of Rome)
Latin vowels
• There are 4 diphthongs in Latin:
• au – is pronounced as [au]-Aurora (goddess of dawn), aurum (gold)
• eu -- is pronounced as [eu]- Europa, euripus (strait)
• ae -- is pronounced as Russian [э]. Praemium- (award), Caesar
• oe -- is pronounced as German [ö] or Kyrgyz [ө]. Oedipus (name of a
king), poena (punishment)
• But if these combination of vowels are placed in different syllables
they are read separately, they have marks of long vowel sound ¨ or
shortness ˘.
E.g poēta [poeta] poet; coĕmo [ко'эмо] I am buying.
Reading rules
• C - [ts] before letters e, i, y and diphthongs ae, oe. E.g. centum
[tsentum] hundred, circulus [tsirculus] circle, Cyclops [tsiklops]
one- eyed creature, Caesar [tsezar], coeptum [tseptum] start.
• In all other cases C is pronounced as [к]: clarus [klarus]
magnificent, cura [кura] care, casa [кaza] inn, causa [кauza]
cause, reason, collega [коlega] fellowman

• The following combination belongs to words of Greek origin:


• ph [f]: philosophus [filosofus] philosopher;
• rh [r]: rhetor [retor] teacher of refined speech;
• th [t]: theatrum [teatrum] theatre.
Reading rules
• ch - [h]: pulcher [‘pulher] beautiful;
• ti before the vowel- [tsi]: ratio [‘ratsio] ratio, reason, scientia
[ski’entsia] knowledge,

• BUT totius (from totus (wholesome) and other words of Greek origin
like Miltiades [mil’tiades] and after letters s, t, x combination ti is
pronounced as [ti ]: bestia [‘bestia] animal.

• Соmbination ngu is pronounced as [ŋgv]: lingua [l’ingva] language.

• Letter q is always used in combination with letter u and is pronounced


as [kv]: quinque [‘kvinke] five, quid [kvid]- what
Reading rules`
• su in words suadeo [sv’adeo] I advise, suavis [sv’avis]
pleasant, consuesco [коnsv’esko] I get used.
• In all other cases this combination is pronounced as [su] –
suus [s’u:s] mine, his, hers.
• S is pronounced as z between vowels: casa [к’аzа] inn.
• In all other cases -as [s]: stare [st’are] to stand, sanus
[s’anus] healthy, vesper [‘vesper] evening.
Stress in words
• 1. Stress is never placed on the last syllable.
• 2. In Latin, the stress on a word is placed on only one of two syllables,
the one before the last syllable: pa-pa (honorary title), vi-a (road), au-
rum (gold)
• 3. In words consisting of three and more syllables stress is placed on
second syllable from the end:
• а) stress is placed on second syllable from the end if the vowel is long:
for-tū-na – (destiny), ma-gis-ter –(teacher);
• б) stress is placed on third syllable from the end if the vowel is short:
po-pŭ-lus – (people), ra-tĭ-o –(reason).

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