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Fundamentals Overview of MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that utilizes powerful magnets, radio waves, and computer technology to create detailed images of the body. It is based on nuclear magnetic resonance principles, primarily focusing on hydrogen atoms, and is widely used for diagnosing conditions in various medical fields. While MRI offers advantages such as non-invasiveness and superior soft tissue contrast, it also has limitations including high costs and the need for patient stillness.

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10 views

Fundamentals Overview of MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that utilizes powerful magnets, radio waves, and computer technology to create detailed images of the body. It is based on nuclear magnetic resonance principles, primarily focusing on hydrogen atoms, and is widely used for diagnosing conditions in various medical fields. While MRI offers advantages such as non-invasiveness and superior soft tissue contrast, it also has limitations including high costs and the need for patient stillness.

Uploaded by

kachoahtisham273
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUNDAMENTALS

OVERVIEW OF MRI
D r. I r u m R a h e e m
Ph.D. Diagnostic Ultrasound
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(MRI)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a sophisticated
medical imaging technique that uses powerful magnets, radio
waves, and a computer to create detailed Images of the inside
of the body.

• Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation. They


have the longest wavelengths and the lowest frequencies
within the electromagnetic spectrum, making them ideal for
transmitting information over long distances.
• Wavelengths: Range from about 1 millimeter to over 100
kilometers.
• Frequencies: Typically from 3 kHz to 300 GHz.
USES OF RADIO WAVES
• Communication: Used in television, radio
broadcasting, and cell phones.
• Navigation: Found in radar systems and GPS
technology.
• Astronomy: Radio telescopes detect signals from
space.
• Medical Imaging: Specifically in MRI technology,
where radio waves excite atoms in the body.
Radio waves are all around us but are imperceptible to
our senses. Their ability to carry information makes
them fundamental to modern technology.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MRI

• MRI is based on the principles of nuclear


magnetic resonance (NMR).
• It primarily focuses on the behavior of hydrogen
atoms in the body, as they are abundant in water
and fat. When placed in a strong magnetic field,
these hydrogen nuclei align with the field.
• A radiofrequency pulse is then applied, causing
the nuclei to absorb energy and move out of
alignment. When the pulse is turned off, the
nuclei return to their original state, releasing
energy that is detected and used to create an
image.
KEY COMPONENTS OF MRI MACHINE

• Magnet: The core of the MRI machine, creating a


strong magnetic field.
• Radiofrequency Coils: Emit and receive radio
waves.
• Gradient Coils: Help in spatial encoding to
determine the location of signals.
• Computer System: Processes the signals to
generate images.
IMAGING SEQUENCES

MRI uses various imaging sequences to highlight


different tissue types. Common sequences include.
• T1-weighted images: Excellent for visualizing
anatomical details.
• T2-weighted images: Excellent for visualizing
pathological tissues.
• Highlight fluid-filled structures, making them useful
for detecting abnormalities like edema or
inflammation.
APPLICATIONS

MRI is widely used in diagnosing and


monitoring conditions in neurology,
orthopedics, cardiology, and oncology.
It is particularly effective for:
• Brain and spinal cord imaging.
• Joint and soft tissue evaluation.
• Detecting tumors and vascular abnormalities.
ADVANTAGES

• Non-invasive and does not use ionizing


radiation.
• Provides superior soft tissue contrast
compared to other imaging modalities like CT
scans.
• Can image in multiple planes without
repositioning the patient.
LIMITATIONS

• Expensive and time-consuming.


• Not suitable for patients with certain implants
or claustrophobia.
• Requires the patient to remain still for
extended periods.

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