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Lesson 9 Patterns for Standard Citation

The document outlines various patterns of citation including summary, paraphrase, short and long direct quotations, and provides strategies for effective paraphrasing. It also discusses the APA format, which is commonly used in research, detailing its structure of in-text citations and reference lists. Additionally, it includes a quiz for practicing paraphrasing skills.

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4 views

Lesson 9 Patterns for Standard Citation

The document outlines various patterns of citation including summary, paraphrase, short and long direct quotations, and provides strategies for effective paraphrasing. It also discusses the APA format, which is commonly used in research, detailing its structure of in-text citations and reference lists. Additionally, it includes a quiz for practicing paraphrasing skills.

Uploaded by

payaojamilah4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Patterns for

Standard Citation
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Patterns of Citation
1. Summary – is a shortened version of the original
text that is expressed in your own language by
picking out only the most important ideas or aspect
of the text
2. Paraphrase – is the antithesis of the first one
because this is an explanation of what the text
means to you using your own words which may
decrease or exceed the number of words of the
original text.
Paraphrasing Strategies
1. Change the part of speech
Examples:
Mary Smith, an English teacher… – Mary Smith, who teaches English…
The participant was admitted… – The participant’s admission…
2. Use synonyms
Examples:
Richards (2010) argues… - Richards (2010) contends…
Global problems… - Global crisis…
Paraphrasing Strategies (cont.)
3. Change the structure (from complex to
compound or vise versa, active to passive or
vice versa, etc.)
Ex: Learning is affected by the encouragements
given to peers and other individuals (Gredler,
2001).
- The encouragements that individuals give to
peers influence learning (Gredler, 2001)
Patterns of Citation (cont.)
3. Short Direct Quotation – only a part of the author’s
sentence, the whole sentence, or several sentences,
not exceeding 40 words, is what you can quote or
repeat in writing through his citation pattern. Since
you copy the exact words of the writer, you have to
indicate the number of the page where the readers
can find the copied words.
Ex: Contexts are influenced by these four factors: “language,
culture, institutions, and ideologies.” (Aranda, 2015, p.8)
Patterns of Citation (cont.)
4. Long Direct Quotation/ Block Quotation/
Extract – this citation pattern makes you
copy the exact words numbering from 40
up to 100 words. Under APA, the limit is
eight lines. Placed at the center of the page
with no indentation, the copied lines look
like they compose stanza of a poem.
Example of Long Direct Quotation
The latest study by (Hizon, 2015) reveals the social nature
of language. Stressing this nature of language, he wrote:
◦ Language features result from the way people use
language to meet their social needs. In their
interactions, they use language to describe, compare,
agree, explain, disagree, and so on. Each language
function requires a certain set of language features
like nouns for naming, adjectives for comparing, verbs
for agreeing, prepositions for directing, and
conjunctions for connecting ideas. (p. 38)
QUIZ
Paraphrase the following:
1. annually 6. global changes
2. shortage of food 7. Brown (2005) explains…
3. diet that is balanced 8. an integral part
4. difficulties in reading 9. Hyland, a well-known writer
5. prevented effectively 10. learners encountering difficulty
APA Format
The APA (American Psychological Association) Format
is also called Author-Date Style. This is often used by
researchers in the field of natural sciences and social
sciences. The APA Style uses space and time; however,
for economic reasons more and more researchers,
regardless of their area of specialization, prefer to use
the APA style. It has two parts of referencing style: in-
text citation and reference list. The first part, which is
enclosed in parentheses, is found in the body of the text;
the second part, at the end of the paper.
Agreement
Be ready for a group presentation of
the topic assigned to you next meeting.

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