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Lecture#4-(System of Protection)

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3 views

Lecture#4-(System of Protection)

Uploaded by

Shahab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION

TOPIC: SYSTEMS OF PROTECTION


WEEK: 3TH
LECTURE: 3B & 3B
LEVEL: 8TH SEMESTER
PROGRAM: BE ELCTRICAL ENGINEERING
_____________________________________
_

COURSE TRACHER: Engr .Noman Muslim


([email protected])
ACCESS AT: portal.suit.edu.pk
Electrical Engineering Department ,SUIT Peshawar. 1
System of protection
System of protection
1. Overcurrent protection
2. Distance protection
3. Differential protection
4. Pilot protection
a)pilot wire protection
b) carrier current protection
5. Overcurrent protection Relay
Over current protection relay has following types
a. Electromagnetic attractive type relay
b. Electromagnetic Induction type relay
c. Electronics relay
d. Microprocessor base relay 2
a. Electromagnetic Attractive type Relay

• It may be a plunger type or attractive armature type actuated from


either a single current A.C or D.C & a single voltage A.C or D.C.
3
4
• It has no direction control
• This relay may be made directional by following arrangement

5
6
Directional Relay of Electromagnetic Attractive type:

7
Principle Operation:
• The principle operation is explained with the help of above
diagram
• A movable armature is shown is magnetized by current flowing in
a actuating coil encircling the armature and with such polarity as to
close the contact . A reversal of polarity will cause the contact to
stay open.
• The polarizing or field coil for magnetizing the polarizing magnet
or it may be a permanent magnet
• Therefore tending to move the armature may be expressed

F= k1IpIa – k2
At balance F=0
IpIa=k2/ k1 (if either IpIa are reverse the force will be reversed) 8
If Ip is constant then Ia=K2/K1Ip

9
Electromagnetic Relays

Induction Relays
•Electromagnetic induction relays operate on the principle of
induction motor and are widely used for protective relaying purposes
involving A.C. quantities.
•An induction relay essentially consists of a pivoted aluminium disc
placed in two alternating magnetic fields of the same frequency but
displaced in time and space.
•The torque is produced in the disc by the interaction of one of the
magnetic fields with the currents induced in the disc by the other.
Electromagnetic Relays
Electromagnetic Relays

The following points may be noted from exp. (i) :

(a)the maximum force will be produced when the two fluxes are
90 out of phase.
(b) The net force is the same at every instant.
(c)The direction of net force and hence the direction of motion of
the disc depends upon which flux is leading.
The following three types of structures are commonly used for
obtaining the phase difference in the fluxes and hence the
operating torque in induction relays :
(i) shaded-pole structure
(ii) watt-hour-meter or double winding structure
(iii) induction cup structure
Electromagnetic Relays

(i) shaded-pole structure


•It consists of a pivoted aluminium disc free to rotate in the air- gap
of an electromagnet.
•One-half of each pole of the magnet is surrounded by a copper band
known as shading ring.
Electromagnetic Relays

(ii) watt-hour-meter or double winding structure


•It consists of a pivoted aluminium disc arranged to rotate
freely between the poles of two electromagnets.
•The upper electromagnet carries two windings; the primary
and the secondary.
• The primary winding carries the relay current I1 while
the
secondary winding is connected to the winding of the lower
magnet.
•The primary current induces e.m.f. in the secondary and so
circulates a current I2 in it.
• The flux φ2 induced in the lower magnet by the current in the
secondary winding of the upper magnet will lag behind φ1 by an
Electromagnetic Relays

•The two fluxes φ1 and φ2 differing in phase by α will produce a


driving torque on the disc proportional to

•Its operation can be controlled by opening or closing the


secondary winding circuit.
Electromagnetic Relays

(iii) induction cup structure


•It most closely resembles an induction motor, except that the rotor
iron is stationary, only the rotor conductor portion being free to
rotate.
•The moving element is a hollow cylindrical rotor which turns on its
axis.
•The rotating field is produced by two pairs of coils wound on four
poles as shown.
•The rotating field induces currents in the cup to provide the
necessary driving torque.
•Induction cup structures are more efficient torque producers
than either the shaded-pole or the watt hour meter structures.
Therefore, this type of relay has very high speed and may have an
operating time less then 0·1 second.
Electromagnetic Relays

.
THANK YOU

19

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