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1 Introduction to Philosophy and Ethics

The document discusses the fundamental concepts of ethics, defining it as a branch of philosophy that explores moral questions regarding human conduct and the nature of good and evil. It outlines three basic postulates of ethics: the existence of God, the dignity of the human person, and the immortality of the human soul, emphasizing their significance in grounding moral obligations and ensuring justice. The text highlights the philosophical inquiry into what constitutes a good life and the moral standards by which actions are judged.

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Rian Hanz Alberca
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2 views

1 Introduction to Philosophy and Ethics

The document discusses the fundamental concepts of ethics, defining it as a branch of philosophy that explores moral questions regarding human conduct and the nature of good and evil. It outlines three basic postulates of ethics: the existence of God, the dignity of the human person, and the immortality of the human soul, emphasizing their significance in grounding moral obligations and ensuring justice. The text highlights the philosophical inquiry into what constitutes a good life and the moral standards by which actions are judged.

Uploaded by

Rian Hanz Alberca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ETHICS

BASIC CONCEPTS, THEORIES AND CASES


WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

 Etymological definitions philos and sophia (love of


wisdom) and philosophein (desire to know or to find out)

 Philosophy as a science of unanswered questions

 Philosophy as a personal experience


Ethics explores certain and fundamental and intriguing
questions such as:
• What constitutes the good life for human beings?

•What is the basis or standard by which human actions can


be judged as good or bad, right and wrong?
•What makes good – good and what makes wrong –
wrong?

•How man ought to behave so as to live a life that is truly


human?
CHAPTER 1
ETHICS: ITS MEANING AND SCOPE

 Ethics is derived from the Greek word “ethos” which may


mean in English as custom or a particular way and manner
of acting and behaving.
 The Latin equivalent for custom is mos or mores where the
term moral is derived.
ETHICS
 Ethics, as a branch of Philosophy, is also known as Moral
Philosophy.
 Is a science of the morality of human conduct
 Explains why our actions are good or bad, right or wrong
with regard to the ultimate end
 Answers the questions pertaining the last end of man and
the meaning of his life
POSTULATES OF ETHICS
In Ethics or Moral Philosophy,
there are three basic
postulates, these are:
1. The existence of God.
2. The dignity of the human
person.
3. The immortality of the human
soul.
THE EXISTENCE OF GOD

 The existence of God provides an objective and


unchanging foundation of morality. God’s nature is the
standard of goodness, and moral laws are expressions of
God’s will or character
 God’s existence provides the necessary authority to
ground moral obligations. Moral commands are not merely
human interventions but have the force of divine law
QUESTION

“IS SOMETHING GOOD BECAUSE GOD COMMANDS


IT, OR DOES GOD COMMAND IT BECAUSE IT IS
GOOD?”
THE DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON

 Humans are capable of reasoning, making judgements,


and understanding the consequences of their actions
which distinguishes humans from other beings.
 If individuals are not held morally culpable for their
actions, there is no basis for moral order or social
responsibility.
THE IMMORATILITY OF THE HUMAN SOUL
 The immoratlity of the soul is a necessary postulate for
ensuring ultimate justice. Without the prospect of an
afterlife where moral accounts are settled, the moral order
of the universe appears incomplete and fundamentally
unjust.
 The belief in an immortal soul provides a framework for
ensuring that good is ultimately rewarded and evil is
ultimately punished, offering hope and meaning in the
face of earthly justice

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