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No. 2 Classification of Variables

The document classifies variables into several categories, including numeric variables (continuous and discrete), categorical variables (ordinal, nominal, dichotomous, and polychotomous), experimental variables (independent, dependent, and extraneous), and non-experimental variables (predictor and criterion). Each category is defined with examples to illustrate their characteristics and applications in research. The classification helps researchers understand how to measure and analyze different types of data.

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Jamaica Roz Chanyongco
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2 views

No. 2 Classification of Variables

The document classifies variables into several categories, including numeric variables (continuous and discrete), categorical variables (ordinal, nominal, dichotomous, and polychotomous), experimental variables (independent, dependent, and extraneous), and non-experimental variables (predictor and criterion). Each category is defined with examples to illustrate their characteristics and applications in research. The classification helps researchers understand how to measure and analyze different types of data.

Uploaded by

Jamaica Roz Chanyongco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

• Variable is any factor or property that a


researcher measures, controls, and / or
manipulates.
• It is also a logical set of attributes,
characteristics, numbers, or quantities that can
be measured or counted. It is also called a
data item.
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

1. NUMERIC VARIABLES.
describes a measurable numerical quantity and
answer
the questions “how many” or “how much”.
a. Continuous Variables / Interval Variables
assume any value between a certain set of real
numbers.
Examples :
time, age, temperature, height, and weight.
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES
b. Discrete Variables
assume any whole value within the limits of the
given variables. Examples : number of registered cars,
number of business locations, number of children in
the family, population of students, and total number of
faculty members.
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

2. CATEGORICAL VARIABLES
These variables are with value that describe a
quality or characteristic of a data unit like “what type”
or “which category”.
a. Ordinal variables
value which can be logically ordered or ranked.
Examples :
academic grades such as A,B,C, clothing S,M,L,XL
and measure of attitudes like strongly agree, agree,
disagree or strongly disagree.
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

2. CATEGORICAL VARIABLES
These variables are with value that describe a
quality or characteristic of a data unit like “what type”
or “which category”.
a. Ordinal variables
value which can be logically ordered or ranked.
Examples :
academic grades such as A,B,C, clothing S,M,L,XL
and measure of attitudes like strongly agree, agree,
disagree or strongly disagree.
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

b. NOMINAL VARIABLES
values cannot be organized in a logical sequence.
Examples :
business type, eye colors, kinds of
religion,
various languages, and types of
learners.
c. DICHOTOMOUS VARIABLES
represent only two categories.
Examples :
(male and female), (yes or no)
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

b. NOMINAL VARIABLES
values cannot be organized in a logical sequence.
Examples :
business type, eye colors, kinds of
religion,
various languages, and types of
learners.
c. DICHOTOMOUS VARIABLES
represent only two categories.
Examples :
(male and female), (yes or no)
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

d. POLYCHOTOMOUS
variables that have many categories
Examples :
educational attainment (elem, high school,
college, graduate and postgraduate)
level of performance (excellent, very good,
good, satisfactory, or poor)
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

3. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES
a. Independent Variables
• usually manipulated in an experiment
• also called as manipulated or explanatory variable
b. Dependent Variables
• Usually affected by the manipulation of the
independent variables
• Also called as responsive or predicted variable.
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES
c. Extraneous Variables
• already existing during the conduct of the experiment and
could influence the result of the study
• Also called as mediating or intervening variables
• Known as covariate variables
Examples : Title of Research :
An Experiment on the Methods of Teaching and Language
Achievement Among SHS Students
Independent Variable : Method of teaching
Dependent Variable : Language achievement
Extraneous variable : Ventilation facilities, physical
ambiance
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES
Extraneous Variables
b. Title of Research
Use of Gardening Tools and Types of Fertilizers :
Their Effects on the Amount of Harvest

Independent Variables : Use of gardening tools, types of


fertilizers
Dependent Variables : Amount of harvest
Extraneous Variables : Humidity level, types of seeds /
plants
NON-EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES
a. Predictor Variables
changes the other variable/s in a non experimental
study
b. Criterion Variables
influenced by the predictor variables
Examples :
a. Title of Research
Competencies of Teachers and Students’
Behavior in Selected Private Schools
Predictor Variable: Competencies of Teachers
Criterion Variable : Students’ Behavior
NON-EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES

b. Criterion Variables
influenced by the predictor variables
Examples :
a. Title of Research
Conduct of Guidance Counseling Programs
and Degree of Absenteeism and Drop-Out Rate Among
Grade 10 Classes.
Predictor Variable: Conduct of Guidance Counseling
Programs Criterion Variable : Degree of Absenteeism
and Drop-Out Rate

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