Lecture 3 culture affairs
Lecture 3 culture affairs
Lecture 3
almost 30 years and is one of the women who changed the world. It was no is licensed under CC BY-NC-N
easy task. Her political, social and negotiation skills excelled both herself and
Egypt amongst many internal and external battles in a male-dominated society.
• Cleopatra changed the world by making Egypt wealthier and more powerful
through Rome’s resources, whilst proving that women can succeed in a male-
dominated culture.
Mahatma Gandhi (1869 – 1948): Activist
– India
• Mahatma Gandhi is the political activist who was the leader of the Indian
National Congress and ultimately led India to its freedom and independence
from British colonial rule. He has changed the world by being a strong source
of inspiration for civil rights movements through his non-violent non-
cooperation approach.
Culture versus doctrine
• When your beliefs make you unique and you tend to associate with people
who share your values, the culture becomes strong and sometimes we
don’t pause to consider the difference between culture and doctrine.
• Religion has played an essential role in shaping cultural values and norms throughout
history. From moral guidance to social expectations, religion has been a driving force
in shaping the beliefs, behaviors, and traditions of societies all around the world.
• Understanding the impact of religion on cultural values and norms is essential to
understanding what shapes the very foundation of our society and how we interact
with one another.
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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under
• However, there are also indications that religion may become less
CC BY-SA
influential in shaping cultural values and norms in the future. With the rise
of secularism and the increasing diversity of beliefs and lifestyles,
religious institutions may struggle to maintain their traditional roles as
arbiters of morality and social norms. Additionally, the growing awareness
of social and environmental issues may lead to a shift in focus towards
more secular values such as human rights and sustainability.
• There are certain religious cultures in the world today that do not oblige men and
women to live in communion but rather cut them off from one other in a search
for individual well-being, limited to the gratification of psychological desires.
• Furthermore, a certain proliferation of different religious “paths”, attracting small
groups or even single individuals, together with religious syncretism, can give
rise to separation and disengagement. One possible negative effect of the process
of globalization is the tendency to favour this kind of syncretism by encouraging
forms of “religion” that, instead of bringing people together, alienate them from
one another and distance them from reality.
• Religious freedom does not mean religious indifferentism, nor does it
imply that all religions are equal. Discernment is needed regarding the
contribution of cultures and religions […]. Such discernment has to be
based on the criterion of charity and truth”
• A politicization of religion would result in reducing the religious to the
political, leading to a short-circuiting of the distinction between the two
spheres.
Regional and national culture
• Religion has an impact on culture around the world, with different cultures and regions demonstrating unique religious
beliefs and practices that shape their cultural values and norms. From Christianity in Europe and the Americas to
Hinduism and Buddhism in Asia, religious traditions continue to shape the way communities interact and
operate.
• For example, in the Middle East, Islam plays a significant role in shaping cultural values and practices. The
five daily prayers, fasting during Ramadan, and the pilgrimage to Mecca are all important religious practices
that influence daily life and social interactions. In addition, Islamic law, or Sharia, is a guiding principle for
many aspects of life, including family relationships, business transactions, and criminal justice.
• Religion can intersect with politics and culture in complex ways, sometimes contributing to social turmoil
and conflict. In some cases, religious beliefs can shape political systems and cultural expectations, while in
other circumstances, religious beliefs may be used to justify political ideologies or cultural norms.