SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

A2 WRITING
Transition Signals
TRANSITION SIGNALS
 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Conjunctive adverbs modify two independent clauses and join them together. Each
clause can stand on its own as a separate sentence, but a conjunctive adverb provides
a smooth transition from one thought to the next. When you join two sentences with a
conjunctive adverb, you need to use some punctuation:
Simple ; Conjuncti , Simple
Sentence ve adverb Sentence
I wanted to see a scary movie; however, my friend wanted to see a
comedy.

Simple . Conjunctiv , Simple Sentence

Sentence e adverb
I wanted to see a scary movie. However, my friend wanted to see a
comedy.
 SHOWING ADDITION
CONJUNCTIVE
COORDINATOR EXAMPLES
ADVERBS

Frida Kahlo was one of Mexico's greatest artists. In addition,

IN ADDITION
she was a feminist and a socialist.
She contracted polio at the age of 6 and had to stay in bed for
MOREOVER nine months. Moreover, this disease caused her right leg
and foot to grow much thinner than her left one.
To recover, she played soccer and went swimming;
AND FURTHERMORE furthermore, she wrestled, which was very unusual at that
time for a girl.
Her marriage to Diego Rivera was unusual. They had separate
BESIDES homes and studios; besides, Diego had affairs with many
other women.
Frida Kahlo's fame kept growing after her death. Hayden
*ALSO Herrera published a book on her in 1983. In the year of 2002,
a movie named Frida was also released.
CONNECT THE SENTENCES USING THE
TRANSITION SIGNALS IN PARANTHESES
1. In 1941 Frida lost her beloved father. She continued to suffer from
chronic health problems. (moreover)
In 1941 Frida lost her beloved father; moreover, she continued
to suffer from chronic health problems.
2. Self-portraits held a very important place in her work. By making
herself the subject, she expressed her suffering. (also)
Self-portraits held a very important place in her work. By making
herself the subject, she also expressed her suffering. OR Self-
portraits held a very important place in her work. Also,
by making herself the subject, she expressed her suffering.
 SHOWING DIRECT CONTRAST
CONJUNCTIVE
COORDINATOR EXAMPLES
ADVERBS

Lions and tigers are among the most ferocious animals,

but there are important differences between them.
IN CONTRAST First, tigers are aggressive animals. In contrast, male
lions are lazy and will not do anything unless they
really have to.
Second, their appearance is completely different.
BUT Tigers have bold, black stripes across their bodies;
HOWEVER
however, lions do not have any stripes.

Finally, lions generally like to live in large groups, and it

ON THE OTHER is the female lion who hunts for food in the savannah.
HAND On the other hand, tigers prefer to live and hunt on
their own.
CONNECT THE SENTENCES USING THE
TRANSITION SIGNALS IN PARANTHESES.
1. Lions are opportunistic and will eat the kills of cheetahs, leopards, wild dogs and
hyenas. Tigers strictly eat only meat that they hunt by themselves. (In contrast)
Lions are opportunistic and will eat the kills of cheetahs, leopards, wild
dogs and hyenas. In contrast, tigers strictly eat only meat that they hunt
by themselves.
2. A lion’s natural habitat is often concentrated around the savannas and deep
forests of Africa. Tigers live on Asian grounds. (on the other hand)
A lion’s natural habitat is often concentrated around the savannas and
deep forests of Africa. On the other hand, tigers live on Asian grounds.
 SHOWING RESULT/EFFECT
CONJUNCTIVE
COORDINATOR EXAMPLES
ADVERBS
The conditions in rural areas are usually poor.
ACCORDINGLY Accordingly, more and more people are moving to
bigopportunities
Job cities these days.
are rare in rural areas; hence, many
HENCE people migrate to big cities to find employment.
Best schools and universities are located in cities;
THEREFORE therefore, families leave the countryside to provide their
children with good education.
Rural areas lack hospitals and medical care centers.
AS A RESULT As a result, people with health problems prefer to live
SO
in the city.
Cities, especially big ones, are overpopulated. Thus,
THUS
people who want to lead a solitary life escape from
these
Cities places.
are dangerous places with criminal activity.
CONSEQUENTLY Consequently, people move to the countryside which
is safer.
Sometimes people are fed up with the hustle and
AS A bustle of the city; as a consequence, they move to
CONSEQUENCE the countryside where they can enjoy the peace and
quiet.
CONNECT THE SENTENCES USING THE
TRANSITION SIGNALS IN PARANTHESES.
1. Many people are moving away from big cities. Pollution is a big
problem in big cities. (accordingly)
Pollution is a big problem in big cities. Accordingly, many
people are moving away from them.
2. There may be climatic changes or environmental stress in the
countryside. Cities become a magnet for people. (consequently)
There may be climatic changes or environmental stress in the
countryside; consequently, cities become a magnet for people.
 SHOWING CONTRAST WITH
AN UNEXPECTED RESULT
CONJUNCTIVE
COORDINATOR EXAMPLES
ADVERBS

The platypus is one of the most unusual creatures in

NEVERTHELESS
the animal kingdom. It is a mammal; nevertheless, it
lays eggs.
The platypus is most active during the night.
YET NONETHELESS
Nonetheless, it can also become active during the
day, especially if the sky is dark.

HOWEVER Thanks to its webbed feet, the platypus swims easily

and gracefully underwater. However, it moves a bit
awkwardly on land.
CONNECT THE SENTENCES USING
THE TRANSITION SIGNALS IN PARANTHESES.
1. The platypus cannot see well when it’s underwater. The receptors on
its bill help it navigate underwater and detect movement of potential
food. (nevertheless)
The platypus cannot see well when it’s underwater.
Nevertheless, the receptors on its bill help it navigate
underwater and detect movement of potential food.
2. The platypus has grinding pads in its mouth to crush and grind its
food. The platypus has no teeth. (Nonetheless)
The platypus has no teeth; nonetheless, it has grinding pads in
its mouth to crush and grind its food.
 SHOWING AN ALTERNATIVE

COORDINATOR CONJUNCTIVE EXAMPLE

ADVERB

The coronavirus has caused many deaths since the

beginning of 2020. I hope scientists find a vaccine for
OR OTHERWISE COVID-19; otherwise, we cannot develop immunity to
the virus.
It seems we will have to wear masks for some more
time. Otherwise, we will get infected by the virus.
CONNECT THE SENTENCES USING
THE TRANSITION SIGNALS IN PARANTHESES.
1.The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, bone pain and breathing
problems. As soon as you begin to experience the symptoms, you should get a test.
You put not only your own life but also other people’s lives in danger. (otherwise)
The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, bone pain and
breathing problems. As soon as you begin to experience the symptoms, you
should get a test. Otherwise, you put not only your own life but also other
people’s lives in danger.
2. More people will be infected with the virus. Governments need to cancel all
international and domestic flights. (otherwise)
Governments need to cancel all international and domestic flights; otherwise,
more people will be infected with the virus.
COORDINATORS CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS FUNCTION

IN ADDITION/ MOREOVER/
AND FURTHERMORE / ADDITION
BESIDES / ALSO

IN CONTRAST / HOWEVER/
BUT ON THE OTHER HAND/ DIRECT CONTRAST

ACCORDINGLY/ HENCE/ THEREFORE/

SO AS A RESULT/ THUS/ RESULT - EFFECT
CONSEQUENTLY/ AS A
CONSEQUENCE
NEVERTHELESS/ CONTRAST WITH AN
YET
NONETHELESS/ HOWEVER UNEXPECTED RESULT

OR OTHERWISE ALTERNATIVE
READ THE TEXT AND FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE WORDS IN THE BOX.
in addition also otherwise however therefore on the other
hand
Without doubt, sharks are the most feared creatures of the ocean. There are
many films however
about sharks; __________, people know very little about them.
Here are some surprising facts: To begin with, sharks do not have bones.
Instead, they have cartilage. Having a skeleton made of lightweight in addition
cartilage
allows sharks to conserve energy; ______________, also they can swim long
distances thanks to this. Sharks _________ don't have vocal cords, so
they cannot make any vocal sounds — they communicate via body language.
Another shocking On the
factother handmost sharks have 5 rows of teeth,
is that therefo and
re
can have as many as 3000 teeth at once! _________________, they lose up to
100 teeth per day; ______________, the ocean floor is a graveyard for shark teeth.
Finally, sharks rarely attack humans and wouldOtherwise
much rather feed on fish and
marine mammals. If a shark sees a human splashing in the water, it may try
to investigate out of curiosity. ______________, sharks do not attack people.
REFERENCES

• https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/adverbs/con-
adverb.html
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