PHYS-1300(5)

Final Exam Review Session 1

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1. Rotational Kinematics

Rotation of objects that includes acceleration

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1. Rotational Kinematics

Key quantities and analogy to linear kinematics

Rotational Kinematic Linear Kinematic Variable
Variable

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1. Rotational Kinematics
Rotational kinematic equations and analogy to linear kinematics
Rotational Motion Linear Motion
(α = constant) (a = constant)
nu = nu subscript 0 plus a t
Omega = omega subscript 0 plus alpha t
(2.4)
 = 0   t (8.4)   0  at
1
theta = 1 over 2 times omega subscript 0 plus omega x = 1 over 2 times nu subscript 0 plus nu times t

1 (2.7)
   0   t (8.6) x   0  t
2 2
theta = omega subscript 0 times t plus 1 over 2 alpha t squared x = nu subscript 0 squared times t plus 1 over 2 a t squared

(2.8)
1 (8.7) 1
  0t   t 2 x  0t  at 2
2 2
omega squared = omega subscript 0 squared plus 2 alpha theta nu squared = nu subscript 0 squared plus 2 a x

(2.9)
 2  0 2  2 (8.8)  2  0 2  2ax

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1. Rotational Kinematics
Recall the circumference of a circle

𝑐=2 𝜋 𝑅
We can think of as the angle around a full circle, but in special
units
Then the arclength subtended by an angle in these special units is

¿
𝑠=𝜃 𝑅 𝑠
These special units are called radians 𝜃
𝑅

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1. Rotational Kinematics

Conversion factor:
1 rad ≈ 57.29o

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1. Rotational Kinematics
Relationship between rotational kinematic quantities and linear
kinematic quantities

¿
Arclength
𝑠=𝜃 𝑅
𝑠 Velocity

𝜃 𝑠 𝜃
𝑣 = = 𝑅=𝜔 𝑅
𝑅 𝑡 𝑡

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1. Rotational Kinematics
Relationship between rotational kinematic quantities and linear
kinematic quantities

¿
Tangential acceleration
𝑣 −𝑣 0 𝜔 𝑅 −𝜔 0 𝑅
𝑎= =
𝑠 𝑡 𝑡

𝜃
¿ ( 𝜔 − 𝜔0
𝑡 ) 𝑅= 𝛼 𝑅
𝑅
Centripetal acceleration
2 2 2
𝑣 𝜔 𝑅 2
𝑎𝑐= = =𝜔 𝑅
𝑅 𝑅

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1. Rotational Kinematics
Uranus orbits the sun with a period of about 80 years.
Determine the Uranus’ orbital radius to that of the earth's orbital radius.
Assume that the earth's orbit around the Sun is circular.

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2. Rotational Dynamics

Rotation of rigid objects about an axis

What causes linear acceleration? - Force

What causes angular acceleration? - Torque

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2. Rotational Dynamics
Torque is a measure of how much force
and what angle you need to cause a
rotating
body to have angular acceleration

𝜏 = 𝑟𝐹 sin 𝜃

𝐹
𝜃

𝑟
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2. Rotational Dynamics
Torque is a vector.

To find direction, use right hand rule

𝜏 = 𝑟𝐹 sin 𝜃
𝐹
𝜃

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2. Rotational Dynamics
Example:
8.00-m ladder of weight WL = 355 N leans against a smooth vertical wall. The term “smooth”
means that the wall can exert only a normal force directed perpendicular to the wall and cannot
exert a frictional force parallel to it. A firefighter, whose weight is WF = 875 N, stands 6.30 m up
from the bottom of the ladder. Assume that the ladder’s weight acts at the ladder’s center, and
neglect the hose’s weight. Find the forces that the wall and the ground exert on the ladder.

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2. Rotational Dynamics
Example:
8.00-m ladder of weight WL = 355 N leans against a smooth vertical wall. The term “smooth”
means that the wall can exert only a normal force directed perpendicular to the wall and cannot
exert a frictional force parallel to it. A firefighter, whose weight is WF = 875 N, stands 6.30 m up
from the bottom of the ladder. Assume that the ladder’s weight acts at the ladder’s center, and
neglect the hose’s weight. Find the forces that the wall and the ground exert on the ladder.

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2. Rotational Dynamics
How can we compute the torque of a rotating rigid body
of any shape?

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2. Rotational Dynamics
Consider a single particle orbiting an axis

𝑎𝑇

𝑟 𝑚

Moment of inertia of a single particle

𝜏= 𝐼 single particle 𝛼

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2. Rotational Dynamics
Linear dynamics

𝐹 =𝑚𝑎
Mass an object’s resistance to linear acceleration when
force is applied
Rotational dynamics
𝜏= 𝐼 𝛼

Moment of inertia an object’s resistance to angular

acceleration when torque is applied

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2. Rotational Dynamics
A rigid body is made of many particles

𝐼 =𝑚1 𝑟 21 +𝑚 2 𝑟 22 + …

𝜏= 𝐼 𝛼

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2. Rotational Dynamics
Some examples of moments of inertia
Hollow sphere, axis through center Thin-walled hollow cylinder or
I = 2 over 5 M times R squared
hoop I = m times R squared
2
I  MR 2 I MR 2
3

Thin rectangular sheet, axis along Solid cylinder or disk I = 1 over 2 M times R
squared
one edge I = 7 over M times R squared

1
1 2 I  MR 2
I  ML 2
3

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2. Rotational Dynamics
Example:
A uniform 5-kg trap door is oriented horizontally and hinged as shown,
where the length of the door is 2 m. What is the angular acceleration of the
door?

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2. Rotational Dynamics
Example:
A uniform 5-kg trap door is oriented horizontally and hinged as shown,
where the length of the door is 2 m. What is the angular acceleration of the
door?

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2. Rotational Dynamics
Work due to a force on a rotating body
𝑊 =𝜏𝜃
¿ 𝐼 𝛼𝜃

Recall

( )
2 2
𝜔 − 𝜔0
𝑊 =𝐼 𝜃
2𝜃

2
𝐼𝜔
2
𝐼 𝜔0
¿ − = Δ 𝐾 𝐸rotation
2 2

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2. Rotational Dynamics
Definition of kinetic energy
𝐼 𝜔2
𝐾 𝐸 rotation =
2

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2. Rotational Dynamics
Example
A tennis ball, starting from rest, rolls down the hill in the drawing. At the end
of the hill the ball becomes airborne, leaving at an angle of 35° with respect to
the ground. Treat the ball as a thin-walled spherical shell, and determine the
range x.

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2. Rotational Dynamics

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 2. Rotational Dynamics
If net torque of a rotating object is zero and the angular
velocity is constant, then angular momentum is
conserved
𝐿=𝐼 𝜔
Angular momentum is a vector
Direction is determined with RHR

𝑣𝑇

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