WEEK TWO

ECE/SWE
OPERATING GRAPHICAL
SYSTEMS USE INTERFACE

WORD PROCESSING
32-35
 Operating Systems

What is an operating system?

The software that manages your computer

Maintains your files

finds files

copies files

deletes files

links your printer to your application

formats disks, etc.

Goals of an Operating System:

Convenience: Makes the computer easier to

use.
Efficiency: Ensures optimal utilization of
resources.
Security: Protects data and resources from
unauthorized access.
Multitasking: Supports multiple applications
running simultaneously.
Resource Management: Manages CPU,
memory, and storage.
 OPERATING SYSTEMS AND THE GUI

Types of software; the operating system (OS)

1 System software controls the basic functions of

a computer, e.g. operating systems,
programming software and utility programs.
2 Application software lets you do specific jobs
such as writing letters, doing calculations,
drawing or playing games. Examples are a word
processor or a graphics package.
 the hardware and
An operating allow people and Typical Tax,
system is a set applications to the Linux mascot
of programs that communicate functions of the
control with the OS are
hardware.

handling The OS also gives

input/output and organizing access so
operations, files on disks. networks and
running programs allows

multitasking: a
user can run
several programs
land do various
tasks) at a time.
OPERATING SYSTEMS AND THE GUI

the Windows family — designed by Microsoft and

used on most PCs

Mac OS — created by Apple and used on Macintosh

computers

Unix — found on mainframes and workstations in

corporate installations, as it supports multi-users

Linux — developed under the General Public License;

anyone can copy its source code, modify and
redistribute it. It is used on PCs and in appliances and
small devices.
1. What is an Operating System?
MCQ
A) A hardware component of a computer
B) Software that manages hardware and software resources
C) A programming language
D) A storage device
2. Which of the following is NOT a function of an operating
system?
A) Process management
B) Memory management
C) Web browsing
D) Device management
3. What is the primary goal of an operating system?
A) Make programming difficult
B) Provide an interface between the user and hardware
C) Only manage files and folders
D) Reduce system security
4. Which of the following is an example of an operating system?
A) Microsoft Word
B) Google Chrome
C) Linux
D) USB Flash Drive
 ANSWER KEY

1. What is an Operating System?

A) A hardware component of a computer
B) Software that manages hardware and software resources
C) A programming language
D) A storage device

2. Which of the following is NOT a function of an operating system?

A) Process management
B) Memory management
C) Web browsing
D) Device management

3. What is the primary goal of an operating system?

A) Make programming difficult
B) Provide an interface between the user and hardware
C) Only manage files and folders
D) Reduce system security

4. Which of the following is an example of an operating system?

A) Microsoft Word
B) Google Chrome
C) Linux
D) USB Flash Drive
5. Which component of the OS manages CPU scheduling
and execution?
A) File system
B) Process manager
C) Network manager
D) Device driver

6. What is multitasking in an operating system?

A) Running multiple operating systems on a computer
B) Running multiple processes at the same time
C) Running a single task multiple times
D) Storing multiple files in one folder

7. Which type of operating system is designed to

support multiple users at the same time?
A) Single-user OS
B) Multi-user OS
C) Batch OS
D) Embedded OS
5. Which component of the OS manages CPU scheduling
and execution?
A) File system
B) Process manager
C) Network manager
D) Device driver

6. What is multitasking in an operating system?

A) Running multiple operating systems on a computer
B) Running multiple processes at the same time
C) Running a single task multiple times
D) Storing multiple files in one folder

7. Which type of operating system is designed to support

multiple users at the same time?
A) Single-user OS
B) Multi-user OS
C) Batch OS
D) Embedded OS
 Graphical User Interfaces

User
Interface
(UI)

Visual Basic NET

makes it very easy to A set of commands or
create a professional menus through which a
UI or GUI. user communicates
with a program.

A program that Graphical

displays a user User
interface in a Interface
graphical format. (GUI)
The Graphical User Interface

A GUI makes use of a WIMP environment:

Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointer.

This type of interface is user-friendly, where

system
functions are accessed by selecting self-
explanatory icons
(pictures representing programs or documents)
and
items from menus. A drop-down menu, or pull-
down
menu, is a list of options that appear below a
menu bar
when you click on an item.
 The Graphical User Interface

The pointer is the arrow, controlled by the mouse,

which lets you choose options from menus.

The background screen that displays icons,

representing programs, files and folders is called the

desktop.

Double clicking a folder icon opens a window

which shows the programs, documents and other

folders contained within the folder.

 These are small
programs included with
an OS that improve a
System system's performance.
They can be desk
utilities accessories, device
drivers, or system
extensions activated
when you turn on the PC.

An accessibility
A crashed disk
program makes a
rescuer is used to
PC easier for
restore disks and
disabled users to
corrupted files.
use.

A media player
A compression
lets you watch
utility rewrites
DVDs, play music
data so that it takes
and listen to the
less space on disk.
radio on the Web.
1. Match the following sentences with their meanings.

A. the difference between system software and application software

B. software that enables users and programs to communicate with hardware
C. the meaning at 'multitasking’
D. a multi-user OS used on large, powerful computer systems
E. the operating system that is freely distributed
F. the operating system designed by Apple
G. the OS created by Microsoft
H. the meaning of WIMP in a graphical user interface (GUI)
I. the expression used to describe a system that is easy to use

1. System software controls the basic functions of a computer, whereas

application software lets you do specific tasks (e.g. writing letters or playing
games).
2. user-friendly
3. Unix
4. Operating system
5. 'Multitasking' means running various programs simultaneously.
6. Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointer
7. Windows
8. Linux
Answer key
1 System software controls the basic functions of a
computer, whereas application soft' are lets you do
specific tasks (e.g. writing letters or playing games).
2 Operating system
3 'Multitasking' means running various programs
simultaneously.
4 Unix
5 Linux
6 Mac OS
7 Windows
8 Windows, Icons, Menus and Pointer
9 user-friendly
2 Which utility would you use to do these tasks?

compression utility media player

accessibility program crashed disk rescuer

1 to play and organize multimedia on your PC

2 to diagnose and repair damaged disks

3 to help computer users with sight, hearing or mobility difficulties

4 to make files smaller, so you can send them with mails

Answer key

1 media player
2 crashed disk rescuer
3 accessibility program
4 compression utility
 MCQ
1. What does GUI stand for?
(A) Graph Use Interaction
(B) Graphical User Interface
(C) General User Interaction
(D) Graphical Universal Interaction
2. Which of the following is NOT a component of GUI?
(A) Windows
(B) Icons
(C) Command Line
(D) Menus
3. The small graphical representation of applications, files, or
commands in GUI is called:
(A) Button
(B) Icon
(C) Window
(D) Dialog Box
4. Which device is primarily used to interact with GUI?
(A) Keyboard
(B) Mouse
(C) Both A & B
1. What does GUI stand for?
(A) Graph Use Interaction
(B) Graphical User Interface
(C) General User Interaction
(D) Graphical Universal Interaction
2. Which of the following is NOT a component of GUI?
(A) Windows
(B) Icons
(C) Command Line
(D) Menus
3. The small graphical representation of applications, files, or
commands in GUI is called:
(A) Button
(B) Icon
(C) Window
(D) Dialog Box
4. Which device is primarily used to interact with GUI?
(A) Keyboard
(B) Mouse
(C) Both A & B
5. A window in a GUI is used for:
(A) Displaying only text
(B) Running and interacting with programs
(C) Typing text commands
(D) None of the above

6. What is the role of a menu in GUI?

(A) It provides a list of options or commands
(B) It displays advertisements
(C) It closes applications
(D) It provides internet access

7. The pointer (cursor) in a GUI is controlled using:

(A) Keyboard
(B) Mouse or Trackpad
(C) Microphone
(D) All of the above

8. Which component allows users to navigate up and down in a GUI

window?
(A) Menu Bar
(B) Status Bar
(C) Scroll Bar
(D) Title Bar
9. Which of the following operating systems uses a GUI?
(A) MS-DOS
(B) Windows
(C) Linux Command Line
(D) None of the above

10. Which of the following is NOT a GUI-based OS?

(A) macOS
(B) Windows 11
(C) Android
(D) MS-DOS

11. Which programming language is commonly used for GUI

development?
(A) C++
(B) Java
(C) Python
(D) All of the above
 Word Processing

Word Processor - A machine set up primarily to

do word processing.

Types of Software

By Screen Appearance

By Packaging

By Student Level
WORD PROCESSING

A word processor enables you to create a document, store it electronically

on a disk, display it on a screen, modify it by entering commands and
characters from the keyboard, and print it on a printer.

The great advantage of word processing over using a

typewriter is that you can make changes without retyping the entire
document.

If you make a typing mistake, you simply back up the cursor and correct
your mistake.

If you want to delete a paragraph, you simply remove it, without leaving a
trace. It is equally easy to insert a word, sentence or paragraph in the
middle of a document.
Word processors usually
support these features.

Cut and paste: Allows you to remove

(out) a section of text and insert (paste) it
somewhere else.
Find and replace: Allows you to direct the
word processor to search for a particular word
or phrase. You can also direct the word
processor to replace one group of characters
with another everywhere that the first group
appears.
Word wrap: The word processor
automatically moves to the next line when
you have filled one line with text, and it
will readjust text if you change the
margins,

Print: Allows you to send a document to a

printer to get hard copy.
Font specifications: Allows you to change fonts
within a document. For example, you can specify
bold,
italics, and underlining. Most word processors also
let you change the font size and the typeface.

Graphics: Allows you to include illustrations and

graphs in a document. Some programs let you
create the illustrations within the word processor;
others let you insert a picture from a different
program.

Headers, footers and page numbering: Allows

you to specify customized headers and footers that
the word processor will put at the top and bottom
of every page. The word processor automatically
keeps track of page numbers so that the correct
number appears on each page.
Layout: Allows you to specify different
margins within a single document and to
specify various methods for indenting
paragraphs - how much space you leave
between the margins and the paragraphs.

Merge: Allows you to merge text from one

file into another file. This is particularly
useful for generating many tiles that have
the same format but different data.
Generating mailing labels is the classic
example of using merges.
Spell checker: A utility that allows you to
check the spelling of words. It will highlight
any words that it does not recognize.

Thesaurus: Allows you to search for

synonyms without leaving the word processor.

The line dividing word processors from

desktop publishing systems is constantly
shifting. In general, though, DTP applications
support finer control over layout and more
support for full-colour documents
General Word
Processing
Features and Erasing and
Search and replace
Capabilities inserting text
• Storing
documents for
later use

Moving or copying Change style and

Word Wraparound
text appearance easily

Automatic headers,
Justification footers and
pagination
Some word processors have enhanced
features:
• Inserting text prepared on other word processors

Checking and correcting spelling

Suggesting words

Reviewing style and grammar

Allowing insertion of graphics

Merging text with database files

 Common mistakes
when learning word processing
Forgetting to Forgetting to
Losing part of the
move the cursor highlight before
document
before typing changing a format

Forgetting
automatic Problems with Problems with
wraparound at search and naming and
the ends of replace saving files
lines

Incorrect spacing
at the top or Setting paper in Extra blank lines
bottom of the the printer in the document
document
Match the words with their definitions.
footer menu bar layout
typeface
merge header word processor

1 a program used for preparing documents and

letters
2 a row of words that open up menus when selected
3 the distinctive design of letters and characters,
e.g. Arial, Courier
4 text printed in the top margin
5 text printed in the bottom margin
6 the way text is arranged on the page, including
margins, paragraph format, columns, etc.
7 a function that enables you to combine two files into one
Answer key

1 word processor 5 footer

2 menu bar 6 layout

3 typeface 7 merge

4 header
Answer key

1 align left

2 cut and paste

3 undo

4 insert hyperlink

5 graphics
Complete these statements with a term from below.
Indenting spell checker find and replace
thesaurus font toolbar word wrap

1 A ...........consists of three elements: typeface, type

style and type size; for example, Arial bold at 9
points.

2 Notice that when you get to the end of each line,

Word starts a new line automatically. It moves the
word you are typing to a new line when it enters
an invisible margin running down the right-hand
side of the screen. This feature is called..................
.

3 …………and ............. let you find a word and

4 A good …………..program can he used not only
to rectify accidental spelling mistakes and typing
errors, but also to speed typing input.

5 Many word processors include a ............., so

you can look for words with similar meanings.

6 The……… contains a row of icons that perform

particular actions when clicked.

7 ……... a paragraph involves moving your

writing in from the margins of the page. For
example, a left indent is the distance between
the left margin and the text
Answer key

1 font

2 word wrap

3 Find and replace

4 spell checker

5 thesaurus

6 toolbar
 Key words and phrases

Core software program;

to run; a consistent environment;
to interact; command-line interface;
graphical user interface; to utilize;
to coordinate; device drivers;
files and folders; to rename;
to monitor system health;
to retrieve data; software compatibility;
open source; to be owned by smb.;
to charge money; incompatible;
edition; random access memory.
 Read the following text and do the
exercises.

• Operating System (OS) is one of the core software

programs that runs on the hardware and makes it
usable for the user to interact with the hardware so
that they can send commands (input) and receive
results (output). It provides a consistent
environment for other software to execute
commands. So we can say that the OS acts at the
center through which the system hardware, other
software, and the user communicate. The following
figure shows the basic working of the operating
system and how it utilizes different hardware or
resources.
Operating system working as a core part
Basic Functions of the Operating system

The key five basic functions of

any operating system are as
following:
1. Interface between the user and the
hardware: An OS provides an interface
between user and machine. This interface can
be a graphical user interface (GUI) in which
users click onscreen elements to interact with
the OS or a command-line interface (CLI) in
which users type commands at the command-
line interface (CLI) to tell the OS to do things.
 Coordinate hardware components:

⚫An OS enables coordination of hardware components.

Each hardware device speaks a different language, but the
operating system can talk to them through the specific
translational software called device drivers. Every
hardware component has different drivers for Operating
systems. These drivers make the communication
successful between the other software and the hardware.
Coordinate hardware components:

Device Drivers in between OS and Hardware devices

Provide environment for software to function:

An OS provides an environment for

software applications to function. An
application software is a specific
software which is used to perform
specific task.

In GUI operating systems such as

Windows and Mac OS, applications run
within a consistent, graphical desktop
environment.
Provide structure for data management:

An OS displays
We can view file and
structure/directories
folder listings and
for data
manipulate on those
management.

files and folders like

(move, copy, rename,
delete, and many
others).
Monitor system health and functionality:

OS monitors the an idea of how well

health of our (or not) it’s
system’s hardware, performing. We can
giving us see how

data, or how much

busy our CPU is, or
data our network
how quickly our
card is sending
hard drives retrieve
etc. and

it also monitors
system activity for
malware.
 Match the following words from the text with their meanings
1. Device driver 2. Bit 3.Command line interface 4.GUI
5.Malware 6.Complexity 7.Operating system
a) The smallest piece of information used by a computer.
b) System software that manages hardware, software, and resources, and
provides services for other software. It will also usually provide an interface
for the end user.
c) Any software designed to do something that the user would not wish it to
do, hasn't asked it to do, and often has no knowledge of until it's too late.
d) The level in difficulty in solving mathematically posed problems as
measured by the time, number of steps or arithmetic operations, or memory
space required.
e) A type of interface that allows the user to interact with a computer system.
It usually involves clicking on icons or selecting options from a menu.
f) A means of communication between a program and its user, based solely on
textual input and output. Commands are input with the help of a keyboard or
similar device and are interpreted and executed by the program. Results are
output as text or graphics to the terminal.
g) Something that often forms part of the lowest level of the operating system
kernel, with which they are linked when the kernel is built. Some more
recent systems have loadable device drivers which can be installed from
files.
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

1. How operating systems communicate with

hardware devices?

2. What is the use of system software in

resource management?

3. What are examples of system software?

Answer key

⚫ 1. How operating systems communicate with hardware

devices?
⚫ operating systems communicate with hardware devices with the
help of device drivers. Device driver is a type of system software.

⚫ 2. What is the use of system software in resource

management?
⚫ System software manages computer resources such as memory,
CPU usage, and storage, optimizing their utilization and
ensuring that the system operates efficiently.

⚫ 3. What are examples of system software?

⚫ System software includes multiple applications, like utilities,
operating systems, compilers and debuggers, that lie at a level of
functionality like the computer hardware.
 Operating Systems
- An operating system - It acts as an
(OS) is the software intermediary between
that manages a
the computer Answer the
computer's hardware
resources and provides hardware and the questions
common services for applications running
computer programs. on it.

What is the primary

1: Role of an 2: Types of
role of an operating
Operating System Operating Systems
system?

Single-User, Single-
Tasking OS:
• Define a single-user,
single-tasking
operating system.
 Answer key

Role of an Operating System

1 What is the primary role of an operating system?

⚫ The primary role of an operating system is to
manage the computer's hardware and software
resources, providing an interface for users to
interact with the computer.

2 Types of Operating Systems

⚫ Single-User, Single-Tasking OS:
⚫ Define a single-user, single-tasking operating system.
This type of OS allows only one user to run one
program at a time. Examples include early versions
of MS-DOS.
 Operating Systems

Single-User, Multi-
Tasking OS:
4: Types of
• Explain the concept
Operating Systems of a single-user,
(contd.) multi-tasking
operating system.

5: Types of Operating
Systems (contd.)
• Multi-User OS: What is a multi-user
operating system?
 Answer key

4: Types of Operating Systems (contd.)

⚫ Single-User, Multi-Tasking OS:

⚫ Explain the concept of a single-user, multi-tasking

operating system.
⚫ Answer: In this OS, one user can run multiple programs
simultaneously, such as modern versions of Windows and macOS.

5: Types of Operating Systems (contd.)

⚫ Multi-User OS:
⚫
⚫ What is a multi-user operating system?

⚫ Answer: A multi-user OS allows multiple users to access the

computer simultaneously, each with their own login credentials
and processes. Unix/Linux systems are examples.
 Operating Systems

6: Types of Operating Systems (contd.)

Real-Time OS:
• Define a real-time operating system.

7: Functions of an Operating System

Memory Management:
• Why is memory management important
for an operating system?
 Answer key

⚫ 6: Types of Operating Systems (contd.)

Real-Time OS:
⚫ Question: Define a real-time operating system.
⚫ Answer: A real-time OS processes data as it comes in,
responding to input almost immediately. They are used in
critical systems like medical devices and industrial control
systems.

7: Functions of an Operating System

Memory Management:
⚫ Question: Why is memory management important for
an operating system?
⚫ Answer: Memory management ensures efficient use of
memory by allocating resources to programs when needed
and releasing them when not in use.
 Operating Systems

8: Functions of an Operating System

(contd.)
• File System Management:

What does file system management involve?

9: Functions of an Operating System

(contd.)
• Process Management:

Explain the role of process management in an

OS.
 Answer key

8: Functions of an Operating System (contd.)

File System Management:

Question: What does file system management involve?

Answer: File system management organizes and controls the
storage of data on disks, including creating, deleting, and managing
files and directories.

9: Functions of an Operating System (contd.)

Process Management:

Question: Explain the role of process management in an OS.

Answer: Process management involves managing the execution of

processes, scheduling CPU time, and handling process
synchronization.
 Operating Systems

10: Functions of an Operating System

(contd.)
• Device Management:
• How does an operating system manage
devices?
11: GUIs vs. Text-Based Interfaces

• What are the advantages of a GUI over a

text-based interface?
 Answer key

10: Functions of an Operating System (contd.)

⚫ Device Management:
How does an operating system manage devices?

Answer: Device management involves controlling and

coordinating the use of hardware devices such as printers,
keyboards, and storage devices.

11: GUIs vs. Text-Based Interfaces

What are the advantages of a GUI over a text-based
interface?

Answer: GUIs are more user-friendly, intuitive, and visually

appealing, allowing users to interact with the system using
graphical elements.
 Test yourself

1. Which one of the following is not software?

(A)MS-Word
(B)MS-Excel
(C)Keyboard
(D)Microsoft windows

2. Which one of the following is acts as an interface between

the user and the computer hardware?
(E) Monitor
(F) Operating system
(G)User thread
(H)Application program

3.The only language that the computer can process or execute

is
called ?
(I) Machine language
(J) Normal language
(K)Computer language
 Test yourself

4. Which of the following software is used to control the operations

of a computer?
(A) Application Software
(B) System Software
(C) Utility Software
(D) Language Processor

5. Which one of the following software is designed to solve a

specific problem or to do a specific task?
(E) Language Processor
(F) Application Software
(G)System Software
(H) Utility Software

6. Which one of the following is not an example of an operating

system?
(I) Linux
(J) Apple macOS
(K)Microsoft Windows,
 Answer Key

4.The correct option is B,

i.e., System Software. There are two types of software: system software
and application software. System Software is used to control the
operations and also controls a computer’s internal functioning and
hardware devices.
5.The correct option is B,
i.e., Application Software. Because a software that performs special
functions or provides function which are much more than basic
operation of the computer are application software.

6. The correct option is D,

i.e., None of the above. Because Linux, Apple macOS, Microsoft

Windows are the examples of operating systems.
 Test yourself

7. Which of the following is a language processor?

(A)C++ programming language
(B)Compiler
(C)Linux
(D)All of the above
 EXERCISES

1. What are the most popular operating systems?

 Answer key

1. What are the most popular operating systems?

• Windows, LinuX, Mac OS
2. What are the advantages of LinuX?
 Answer Key

2. What are the advantages of LinuX?

• GPL license (free to use)
• stability
• security
 EXERCISES

3. What are the disadvantages of LinuX?

 Answer Key

3. What are the disadvantages of LinuX?

• difficult in use
• some software isn’t available in a LinuX version
 EXERCISES

4. What could you do if you have Linux and

you
want to run a Windows program?
How to write an effective

LECTURE ONE
1 Don't over communicate by email
getti Avoid
ng o
verl
ooke
2 Make a good subject line d

3 Make your message clear and brief

4 Be polite

5 Check your tone

6 Proofread
ask yourself:
"Is this really necessary?"
 A brief email

A highly brief email

DON’T DO THIS !
Subject: [Blank]

If you don’t put a subject line on your email, you are sending the
message that your name in the “From” line is all your recipient should
need in order to make it a top priority. That could come across as
arrogant, or at the very least, thoughtless. Take advantage of the
opportunity to get your recipient thinking about your message even
before opening it.

DO THIS !
Subject: “10 confirmed for Friday… will we need a larger room?“

Upon reading this revised, informative subject line, the recipient

immediately starts thinking about the size of the room, not about
whether it will be worth it to open the email.
Don’t use Jargon

Abbreviation Idioms

Slang or informal word.

DON’T DO THIS ! DO THIS !

@!$% &*@!! &(*! Subject: Re: Ongoing Problems with

Project

I’m not sure how to respond, since last

week you told Sue that you didn’t need any
extra training, so I cancelled Wednesday’s
workshop.
I can CC Sue in on this thread if you like,
since she’s the one who will have to
approve the budget if we reschedule it.
Meanwhile, I can loan you my copies of
the manual, or we can look into shifting the
work to someone else.

Go ahead… write it, revise it, liven it up If your recipient has just lambasted
with traditional Lebanese curses, print it you with an angry message, rather than
out, reply with a point-by-point rebuttal, you can
throw darts on it, and scribble on it with always respond with a brief note like this,
crayon. which
Do whatever you need in order to get it out 1. casually invokes the name of someone
of your system. the angry correspondent is likely to
Just don’t hit “Send” while you’re still respect
angry. 2. refocuses the conversation on solutions
Check

Spelling
Grammar
Punctuation
 An Impressive email

Dear Jill

I hope this email finds you well. Please allow me to

introduce myself virtually over the email. As Suzanne
mentioned, I am the president of the university’s
international student group. It is our pleasure to have you
speak at the etiquette dinner. On behalf of the
international students, thank you for agreeing to help us
out on this event.

Best
______
 SEE YOU
THANK
NEXT
YOU !
TIME!