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Physics - Scalars and Vectors - Week 6

The document explains the concepts of scalars and vectors, highlighting that scalars have only magnitude while vectors have both magnitude and direction. It provides examples of each type, discusses how to graphically determine the resultant of vectors using the Head to Tail and Parallelogram rules, and illustrates the application of these concepts in practical scenarios such as helicopter movement. Additionally, it includes practice questions for resolving vectors graphically.

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3 views

Physics - Scalars and Vectors - Week 6

The document explains the concepts of scalars and vectors, highlighting that scalars have only magnitude while vectors have both magnitude and direction. It provides examples of each type, discusses how to graphically determine the resultant of vectors using the Head to Tail and Parallelogram rules, and illustrates the application of these concepts in practical scenarios such as helicopter movement. Additionally, it includes practice questions for resolving vectors graphically.

Uploaded by

Waqas younas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Supplement
1.5.5 Scalars and vectors • Understand that vectors have a
magnitude and direction
• Demonstrate an understanding of
the difference between scalars and
vectors and give common examples
• Determine graphically the resultant
of two vectors
Scalars
• A scalar quantity is a quantity that has magnitude only
and has no direction in space

Examples of Scalar
Quantities:
 Length
 Area
 Volume
 Time
 Mass
Vectors
• A vector quantity is a quantity that has both
magnitude and a direction in space

Examples of Vector
Quantities:
 Displacement
 Velocity
 Acceleration
 Force
Scalars and Vectors

Forces, which have both direction and size,


are known as vectors.
Scalars and Vectors

Forces, which have both direction and size,


are known as vectors.

The resultant force can be calculated by


adding the vectors together.
Vector Diagrams
• Vector diagrams are
shown using an arrow
• The length of the arrow
represents its magnitude
• The direction of the
arrow shows its direction
Scalars and Vectors

Forces, which have both direction and size,


are known as vectors.

The resultant force can be calculated by


adding the vectors together.

40N

50N

90N
Scalars and Vectors

Forces, which have both direction and size,


are known as vectors.

The resultant force can be calculated by


adding the vectors together.

40N

50N

10N
Scalars and Vectors

Quantities such as mass and


volume, which have size but no
direction, are known as
scalars.

Scalars are simply added


together.

Eg. A mass of 40kg added to a


mass of 60kg will always give a
mass of 100kg.
The Parallelogram Law
 When two vectors are joined
tail to tail
 Complete the parallelogram
 The resultant is found by
drawing the diagonal

The Triangle Law


 When two vectors are joined
head to tail
 Draw the resultant vector by
completing the triangle
Resultant by Head to Tail Rule:
Head to Tail Rule:

1. Head of the first Vector must coincide with tail of the


second vector.
• 4N To achieve this we have to transform/shift 3N vector to the
right.
3N
Resultant by Head to Tail Rule:
Head to Tail Rule:

1. Head of the first Vector must coincide with tail of the


second vector.
• 4N 2. The resultant is such that the head of the resultant
coincides with the head of second vector.
3N
Resultant by Head to Tail Rule:
Head to Tail Rule:

1. Head of the first Vector must coincide with tail of the


second vector.
• 4N
2. The resultant is such that the head of the resultant
3N coincides with the head of second vector.
R
3. Measure the Length of the resultant vector and use scale to
find Magnitude of vector.

4. For Direction, Measure the angle with a reference vector.


Resultant by Parallelogram Rule:
Head to Tail Rule:

1. When vectors are joined Tail to Tail, draw opposite parallel


vectors to complete the parallelogram.
• 4N

3N
Resultant by Parallelogram Rule:
Head to Tail Rule:

1. When vectors are joined Tail to Tail, draw opposite parallel


vectors to complete the parallelogram.
• 4N
2. After completing the parallelogram, the diagonal is the
3N 3N resultant of the two vectors.

4N
Resultant by Parallelogram Rule:
Head to Tail Rule:

1. When vectors are joined Tail to Tail, draw opposite parallel


vectors to complete the parallelogram.
• 4N
2. After completing the parallelogram, the diagonal is the
3N
R 3N resultant of the two vectors.

3. Measure the Length of the resultant vector and use scale


4N to find Magnitude of vector.

4. For Direction, Measure the angle with a reference vector.


For resolving the vectors graphically,

Practice Question: 1. Choose a suitable Scale.


1 cm = 1kN.

4cm = 4kN

6cm = 6 kN
For resolving the vectors graphically,

Practice Question: 1. Choose a suitable Scale.


1 cm = 1kN.

4cm = 4kN

6cm = 6 kN 7.2 cm = 7.2 kN

For Direction, We can measure the


angle of the resultant vector with the
vertical vector with a protactor.
Components at right angles

Resultant lift
from main
rotor Vertical
component
supports
weight

Horizontal
component
moves
helicopter
forward

When a helicopter tilts its main rotor, the force has vertical and
horizontal components which move it forward and lift it at the
same time.
PHYSICS – Scalars and Vectors

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