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Data Analysis Tools and Kinds of Variables

The document classifies variables into two main categories: numerical and categorical. Numerical variables are further divided into continuous and discrete, while categorical variables include ordinal, nominal, dichotomous, and polychotomous types. Additionally, it discusses experimental variables, which consist of independent, dependent, and extraneous variables in research.

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4 views

Data Analysis Tools and Kinds of Variables

The document classifies variables into two main categories: numerical and categorical. Numerical variables are further divided into continuous and discrete, while categorical variables include ordinal, nominal, dichotomous, and polychotomous types. Additionally, it discusses experimental variables, which consist of independent, dependent, and extraneous variables in research.

Uploaded by

Renz francen obenza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA

ANALYSIS
CLASSIFICATION
OF VARIABLES
AND THEIR USES
variables
These are variables with values that describe
a measurable numerical quantity and
answer the questions: “how many” or “how
much”.

A. Continuous variables - can assume any


value between a certain set of real numbers.
These are also called interval variables. e.g.
time, age, temperature, height, and weight.
variables
b. Discrete variables - can only assume any
whole value within the limits of the given
variables. e.g. population of students, number of
family members, number of registered cars.
variables

These are variables with values that describe a


quality or characteristic of a data unit like “what type”
or “which category”.

a. Ordinal variables can take a value which can be


logically ordered or ranked. e.g. academic grades (A+,
A-, B+, B-), clothing size (S, M, L), and measures of
attitudes (strongly agree, agree, disagree, or strongly
disagree).
Categorical

variables
b. Nominal variables - are variables whose
values cannot be organized in a logical
sequence. e.g. various languages, types of
learners, religions.

c. Dichotomous variables - represent only


two categories. e.g. gender (male or female),
answer (yes or no), veracity (true or false).
Categorical

variables

d. Polychotomous variables - have


many categories. e.g. educational
attainment (elementary, high school,
college, graduate school), level of
performance (excellent, very good, good,
satisfactory, poor)
Experimental

variables
These are used in the experimental
research under quantitative research
design.

a. Independent variables - are factors


that are usually manipulated by the
researchers.
Experimental

variables

b. Dependent variables - are usually the


affected by the manipulation of the
independent variables.

c. Extraneous variables - are already


existing during the conduct of an experiment
and could influence the result of the study.

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