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Obesity

Obesity is defined as abnormal fat tissue growth, either through increased fat cell size or number, and is a leading global health risk affecting both children and adults. Key epidemiological determinants include age, sex, genetics, physical inactivity, and socioeconomic status, with various assessment methods such as BMI and waist circumference. Prevention strategies focus on maintaining a healthy weight through dietary changes, increased physical activity, and health education.

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Haneena Jabeen C
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10 views

Obesity

Obesity is defined as abnormal fat tissue growth, either through increased fat cell size or number, and is a leading global health risk affecting both children and adults. Key epidemiological determinants include age, sex, genetics, physical inactivity, and socioeconomic status, with various assessment methods such as BMI and waist circumference. Prevention strategies focus on maintaining a healthy weight through dietary changes, increased physical activity, and health education.

Uploaded by

Haneena Jabeen C
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OBESITY

Community medicine
06/08/2024
DEFINITION
 Abnormal growth of adipose tissue due to an
enlargement of fat cell size(hypertrophic obesity
 Or an increase in fat cell number (Hyperplastic
obesity)
 Or both
 Often expressed in terms of BMI
PREVALENCE
 Most prevalent form of malnutrition
 Affects both children and adults
 Mainly due to reduced physical activity
 Overweight and obesity are 5 th Leading risk of global
deaths
 The first adverse effect Of obesity to emerge In population
in trasition Are hypertension, hyperlipidemia,And glucose
tolerance.While coronary heart disease, complications of
diabetes Take several years.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
DETERMINANTS
1. Age : Occur at any age, increases with age. Infants with Excessive weight
gain – increased risk in future for obesity
2. Sex: Women > men.(BMI increases with pregnancy )
3. Genetic factors : 50% of effect due to genetics
4. Physical inactivity: Sedentary occupation, inactivated recreation
5. Socioeconomic status: lower socioeconomic groups
6. Eating habits :Eating between meals, preference to sweet,Refined foods
and fats
7. Psychosocial factors: Emotional disturbances- anxiety, depression,
frustration
8. Familial tendency: Obese parents – >obese children
9. Endocrine factors : Cushings, growth hormone deficiency
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
DETERMINANTS
10. Alcohol : Positive for men, negative for women
11. Education :
12. Smoking: weight of smokers< non smokers< Ex smokers
13. Ethnicity :
14. Drugs: corticosteroids, contraceptives, insulin,Beta blockers – increases
weight

Mnemonic: Aunt Sally Goes Places Searching Energetically, Picks Fresh Eggs
And Eats Sandwiches Every Day.
ASSESSMENT OF OBESITY
 Body weight:
Overweight - +2 SD from median weight for height
Obesity – +3 SD from median weight for height
BODY MASS INDEX- WEIGHT IN KG / HEIGHT IN METER SQUARE
Pondreal index- height in cm/Cube root of BW in kg
Brocca Index : Height in cm – 100 = Weight in KG
Cropulance index : actual weight / desirable weight : should not exceed 1.2
 Skin fold thickness: Rapid, non invasive,
Harpenden skin callipers
Mid triceps +biceps + Subscapular+ suprailiac regions < 40 mm in boys, 50 mm in girls

 Waist circumference and waist hip ratio : measured at mid point between lower border of rib cage and iliac crest
Index of intraabdominal fat mass and total body fat.
WHR : male > 1.0, female > 0.85 – Abdominal fat accumulation
 Others : Total body water, total body potassium, total body density
HAZARDS OF OBESITY
 Increased morbidity and mortality
HAZARDS OF OBESITY
 Mnemonics
 1. Slightly increased : FLIP CRI
 2. Moderately increased : HOT CHU
 3. Greatly increased : DM SAD L to BRING
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
 Maintain healthy weight – BMI between 18.5 to 24.9 kg/ m sq.
 Prevention of weight gain for more than 5 kg in all people
 For overweight people : 5-10 % reduction in BW Recommended as initial goal
 Prevention should begin in early childhood

1. By dietry changes: reduce energy dense foods ( simple sugar, fats),


increase fibre,Adequate essential nutrients.
2. Increased physical activities
3. Others: appetite suppressing drugs,
Surgery – gastric bypass, gastroplasty, Jaw wiring
Health education

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