Scribd
Upload
10 views7 pages

PSY 2141 Social Research Sampling

The document discusses the concept of sampling, emphasizing its necessity when studying a population. It outlines two main types of sampling techniques: probability sampling, which allows for generalization to the population, and non-probability sampling, which does not ensure accurate conclusions. Additionally, it highlights the importance of sample size and its relation to the characteristics of the population being studied.

Uploaded by

Chenú Øne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
10 views7 pages

PSY 2141 Social Research Sampling

The document discusses the concept of sampling, emphasizing its necessity when studying a population. It outlines two main types of sampling techniques: probability sampling, which allows for generalization to the population, and non-probability sampling, which does not ensure accurate conclusions. Additionally, it highlights the importance of sample size and its relation to the characteristics of the population being studied.

Uploaded by

Chenú Øne
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

By Ms. T.

D
Negota
SAMPLING

• It is impossible to include the entire population in your study, so we make use of sampling.
• A sample is a small collection of cases/units that closely represents features of interest in a
large collection of cases called a population.
• If we sample correctly, we can generalize the results to the entire population.
• There are tow major types/classes of sampling techniques: Probability and Non-probability
sampling.

Probability sampling

• Probability samples accurately satisfy the requirements to generalize to the population, why?
• Because each element in the population stands an equal chance of being selected to be part of
a sample.
• The selection is completely random.
• Four types of Probability methods:

1. Simple random Sampling


2. Systematic sampling
3. Stratified sampling
SAMPLING

Non-probability sampling

• These methods do not make use of random selection of population elements and therefore we
cannot accurately draw important conclusions about the population. Therefore, researchers are
advised to limit the use of this sampling technique.
• However, they have their advantages, in these situations:
 Time is limited – results are needed urgently
 The measuring instrument (model) needs to be tested
 Preliminary studies have been done in the development stage of the survey
 Financial resources limited
 The population is difficult to access

• There are 4 main non-probability sampling methods

1. Convenience Sampling
2. Qouta sampling
3. Snowball sampling
4. Purposive sampling
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
SAMPLING
•Non-probability sampling

•Convenience sampling

• Selected based on the fact that elements


of the population are easily and
conveniently available.
• It is quick and cheap
• Useful in exploratory research
• E.g The first 100 customers to enter the
store

•Qouta sampling

• To use this method of sampling, the


researcher has to identify categories of
people that need to be in the sample and
the required number in these categories.
SAMPLING

• The quotas may be proportional or nonproportional e.g. if the population consists of 55%
male and 45% female and the sample matches these proportions then proportional sampling
has been achieved.
• Nonproportional sampling occurs when sampling proportions disregard the population
proportions

Snowball sampling

• Used usually in cases where the population is difficult to find or the research interest is in an
interconnected group of people e.g. people with a rare condition.
• The starting point is from one or more persons of interest and then information of others
persons is asked at the end.

Purposive sampling

• Used in special situations where the sample is done with a specific purpose in mind e.g., when
you want to establish the popularity of a certain product, you would sample people who have
already used the product.
SAMPLING SIZE CONSIDERATIONS

• When it comes to sampling, size is very important.


• For probability sampling, larger samples will represent the population better than smaller
samples.
• How big a sample should be, depends three factors:

 Type of statistical analysis needed


 Accuracy of the results required
 Characteristics of population

• The 1st thing to be addressed is the sample representing the population: If the population
homogenous (a group of individuals who share similar characteristics or traits) e.g., Widowed
women, then smaller samples should be adequate
• Heterogenous samples (refers to a group of individuals that vary significantly in terms of their
characteristics, traits, or attributes) e.g., LGBTQ population. To sample a heterogenous
population, one would need complex techniques to analyse the sample. Therefore, a bigger
sample would be needed.
• Generally, bigger samples are better in terms of three factors of representativeness, statistical
analysis and accuracy. However, considering budget and time will always be constraints to

You might also like