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DBMS-Session1

This document provides an overview of Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS), explaining key concepts such as data, information, databases, and the structure of RDBMS including tables, records, and constraints. It details the roles of primary keys, composite keys, and foreign keys in maintaining data integrity and relationships between tables. Additionally, it discusses the types of data and their classifications within a database environment.

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shreyashi.hit.777
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5 views

DBMS-Session1

This document provides an overview of Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS), explaining key concepts such as data, information, databases, and the structure of RDBMS including tables, records, and constraints. It details the roles of primary keys, composite keys, and foreign keys in maintaining data integrity and relationships between tables. Additionally, it discusses the types of data and their classifications within a database environment.

Uploaded by

shreyashi.hit.777
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relational Database Management System

Class-X(Information Technology)
Topics:
• Introduction
• What is Data?
• What is Information?
• What is Database?
• Database Server
• RDBMS
• Record
• Constraint
• Data :
– A collection of unorganized facts and has no
meaning on its own.
– Understanding is difficult.
– In the form of number,characters,symbols,audio
etc.

• Information :
- The processed data which has a specific meaning
and its it is useful for decision making.
-- Understanding is easy.
Database Concepts

• An organized collection of related information so


that it can easily be accessed, managed and
updated.

• E.g : record of student stored In file


Information stored over internet.

• Dictionary
• Library,
• Railways
Database management System
• DBMS stands for Database Management System.
• DBMS is a software system for creating, organizing and
managing the database.
• It provides an environment to the user to perform
operations on the database for creation, insertion, deletion,
updating and retrieval of data.
Example :
• Data can be organized into two types:

• Flat File: Data is stored in a single table. Usually suitable


for less amount of data.

• Relational: Data is stored in multiple tables and the tables


are linked using a common field. Relational is suitable for
medium to large amount of data.
Database Servers
• Database servers are dedicated computers that hold the
actual databases and run only the DBMS and related
software.
• Typically databases available on the database servers are
accessed through command line or graphic user interface
tools referred to as Frontends;
• database servers are referred to as Back-ends. Such type of
data access is referred to as a client-server model.
RDBMS
• RDBMS stands for Relational database management system.
• RDBMS is a database management system that is based on
the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd, of IBM’s San
Jose Research Laboratory.
• In RDBMS ,data is stored in tables and there is relation
between these tables.
• In the relational model of a database, all data is represented
in terms of tuples, grouped into relations.
Record
• A record is a set of information (made up of fields)
stored in your database about one of the items.
• A “value” is the actual text or numerical amount or
date that you put in while adding information to
your database.
• When you put all the information together
in a grid , a collection of similar records
creates a table.
• A database can have one or many
tables.
• Each table in a database contains information about
one type of item.
• So, a database is basically a container that holds
tables and other objects and manages how they can
be used.
• when creating a database an important feature is record
uniqueness in every table.
• It is important to be able to distinguish between different
items having duplicate values.
• This can be achieved by using some number or value that uniquely
identifies a record
• Every table has a key field which ensures that there are 100%
unique values throughout the database
• In this table, it will be extremely difficult to differentiate between
student records as they have names that are similar. To
differentiate, you can add additional field - roll number - that will be
unique for each record
Constraint
• Constraints are the rules that we can apply on the type of data in a table.

1.Primary key
• Primary key Contain Unique value(i.e. no duplicate value ) and no Null
Value.
• Ex: In the following table roll_no is primary key column.
• This unique field is called the Primary Key (PK).
• Primary Keys are also indexed in the database, making it faster for the
database to search for a record.
Roll_no Name Class Section City
101 Rahul 10 A Vashi
102 Sachin 10 A Nerul
103 Virat 10 A Juinagr
104 Ashwin 10 A Sanpada
2.Composite Key
• When primary key constraint is applied on one or more
columns then it is known as Composite Key.
• A key that consist of more than one attribute uniquely
identifies rows in a table.
• Example : Here Cust_id and order_id are two uniquely
identified key. So order_id is composite key.
Cust_id Order_id Product_code Total
C_101 O_988 8878 12
C_102 O_765 8778 23
C_103 O_455 6767 34
Foreign key
• A foreign key is a key used to link two tables together. This is sometimes also called
as a referencing key.
• A Foreign Key is a column or a combination of columns whose values match a
Primary Key in a different table.
• The relationship between 2 tables matches the Primary Key in one of the tables
with a Foreign Key in the second table.
• .
• Primary key Second table:

•S_Id LastName FirstName CITY Foreign key

O_Id OrderNo S_Id


1 MAURYA AJEET ALLAHABAD
1 99586465 2

2 JAISWAL RATAN GHAZIABAD 2 78466588 2


3 22354846 3
3 ARORA SAUMYA MODINAGAR 4 57698656 1
RDBMS
• RDBMS stands for Relational Database
Management Systems.
• Data is represented in terms of tuples (rows) in
RDBMS.
• Relational database is most commonly used
database. It contains number of tables and
each table has its own primary key.
• Due to a collection of organized set of tables,
data can be accessed easily in RDBMS.
Table
• The RDBMS database uses tables to store data. A table is a
collection of related data entries and contains rows and
columns to store data.
• A table has a defined number of columns, but can have any
number of rows. Each row is identified by the values
appearing in a particular column identified as a unique key
index or the key field.
• Columns or Fields or Attributes:
• A column is a set of data values of a particular simple type, one
for each row of the table.
• The columns provide the structure according to which the rows
are composed.
• For example, Emp_no,name,age,department are fields in a row.

• Rows or Records or Tuples:


• A row also called a Record or Tuple represents a single, data
item in a table
• It contains the specific information of each individual entry in
the table. It is a horizontal entity in the table. For example: The
above table contains 4 records.
• Data types:
• Datatypes are used to identify which type of data
(value) we are going to store in the database.
• Fields themselves can be of different types depending
on the data they contain. Data types in OpenOffice base
are broadly classified into five categories listed below.

• Numeric Types
• Alphanumeric Types
• Binary Types
• Date time
• Other Variable types
• Numeric Types:
• Numeric data types are used for describing numeric values for
the field used in the table of a database.
• Numeric data types in a database can be used for storing
information such as mobile number, roll number, door number,
year of school admission, statistical values, etc.
• The different types of numeric data types available are listed
here.
• Alphanumeric type:
• Binary Types:
• Binary data types are used for storing data in binary
formats. Binary data types in a database can be
using for storing photos, music files, etc.
• In general, files of any format can be stored using
the binary data type. The different types of binary
data types available are listed here.
• Date time:
• Date time data types are used for describing date and time
values for the field used in the table of a database. Date time
data types in a database can be used for storing information
such as date of birth, date of admission, date of product sale,
etc.
• The different types of date time data types
available are listed here.
What we have learned Today?
• Thank you

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