Computer Graphics

Arshad Khan
Bakhtar Institute of Higher Education
Initializing Graphics Mode
 The computer display system must be
initialized into graphics mode before calling
graphics function.
 The “initgraph” function is used to initialize
the display into graphics mode.
 This function is a part of “graphics.h” header
file. So this file is included in the program
before executing “initgraph” function.
 The sysntax of “initgraph” function is :
Initgraph(&driver, &mode, “path”);
 driverrepresent the graphic driver in the
computer. The graphic driver can be detect
atomically by using the Keyword DETECT.
 If the driver is to be automatically detected,
the variable driver is declared as of integer
type and detect value is assigned to it as.
int driver, mode;
driver=DETECT;
 This statement must be placed before “initgraph” function.
 When the above statement is executed, the computer automatically
detects the graphic driver and the graphics mode.
 If the driver is auto detected then the use of mode is option. Normally
mode represent the output resolution on the computer screen.
A Simple Program
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int d,m;
d=DETECT;
initgraph(&d, &m,”C:\\Dev-C++\\BGI”);
getch();
return 0;}
The “cleardevice()” Function
 The cleardevice function is used to clear the screen in
graphics mode. It is similar to clrscr() function in text
mode.
 The Closing Graphics Mode:
 The “The closegraph()” function is used to restore the
screen to the text mode.
 When the graphic mode is initialized, memory is
allocated to graphic sys. When closegraph function is
executed, it de-allocate all memory to the graphic sys.
 Normally used at the end of program. closegraph();
Text in graphics mode
 text can be written in different fonts, styles,
size, color and direction.
 The “outtext” Function: the outtext function is
used to print text on computer screen in
graphics mode.
 General syntax is

outtext(string)
String the characters that is to be printed on the
screen.
Write Text
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{ int d,m;
d=DETECT;
initgraph(&d,&m,"C:\\TC\\BGI");
cleardevice();
outtext("I Love Afghanistan");
getch();
closegraph(); }
moveto Function
 The “moveto” function is used to move the
current cursor position to a specified
location on the screen similar like gotoxy
function in text mode.
 General form is: moveto(x,y);
 x represents the x-coordinate of the screen. It is the
horizontal distance in pixels from the left of the screen.it
may be unsigned int type value or variables. its value is
from 0 to 639. y represents the y-coordinate of the
screen. It is the vertical distance in pixels from the top of
the screen. it may be unsigned int type value or
variables. its value is from 0 to 479.
Simple Program
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int d,m;
d=DETECT;
initgraph(&d,&m,"");
moveto(115,120);
outtext("Wellcome To");
moveto(100,150);
outtext(“Bakhtar University");
circle(150,150,100);
circle(150,150,110);
getch();
cleardevice();
return 0;
}
outtextxy() Function
 The function is similar to the outtext()
function but it is used to print the text on
the screen at a specified location.
 Instead of moveto and outtext function we
can use outtextxy function.
 General form is:

outtextxy(x,y,string);
The previous program.
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int d,m;
d=DETECT;
initgraph(&d,&m,"");
outtextxy(115,120,"Wellcome To");
outtextxy(100,150,“BakhtarUniversity");
circle(150,150,100);
circle(150,150,110);
getch();
cleardevice();
return 0;
}
The settextstyle() function
 This function is used to define the text style in graphics
mode.
 Text style include the font type, font size and text
direction
 Syntax settextstyle(style, dir, size);
Where
Style: specified the font style (rang: 0-10) or 0-15
Dir: the direction of the text
0 (HORIZ_DIR) for horizontal direction &
1(VERT_DIR) for vertical direction
Size: specified the font size of the text, its values
is from 0 to 72
#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int d,m;
d=DETECT;
initgraph(&d,&m,"");
cleardevice();
settextstyle(11,VERT_DIR,0); //0R settextstyle(11,1,0)
moveto(150,150);
outtext("I LOVE AFGHANISTAN");
getch();
closegraph();
return 0; }
Program to display text in different style.
#include <graphics.h>
#include <conio.h>
main()
{
int d=DETECT,m,x=25,y=25,f=0;
initgraph(&d,&m,"");
for(;f<=10;f++)
{
settextstyle(f,HORIZ_DIR,2);
outtextxy(x,y,"I LOVE MY COUNTRY");
y=y+30;
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
Program to display text in
different style.
#include <graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{

int d,m;
d=DETECT;
initgraph(&d,&m,"");
cleardevice();
for(int i=0;i<=5;i++)
{

settextstyle(i,0,0);
outtextxy(100,10+i*30,"I LOVE AFGHANISTAN");
}
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
 Q&A
Session