Scribd
Upload
4 views

Resources and Development

The document classifies various soil types in India, including Alluvial, Black, Red & Yellow, Laterite, Arid, and Forest soils, detailing their locations and key features. It also discusses soil erosion types such as gully, wind, and sheet erosion, along with methods for soil conservation like contour ploughing and terrace farming. Each soil type has distinct characteristics that affect agricultural practices and land use.

Uploaded by

navikuku1530
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Resources and Development

The document classifies various soil types in India, including Alluvial, Black, Red & Yellow, Laterite, Arid, and Forest soils, detailing their locations and key features. It also discusses soil erosion types such as gully, wind, and sheet erosion, along with methods for soil conservation like contour ploughing and terrace farming. Each soil type has distinct characteristics that affect agricultural practices and land use.

Uploaded by

navikuku1530
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Classification of soils

A. Alluvial soils
Location – entire northern plains – Rajasthan & Gujarat through narrow corridor – eastern
coastal plains – deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna & Kaveri.
Features – upper reaches of the river valley i.e. piedmont plains – soils are coarse – duars,
chos, terai.
-- Bangar (old alluvial) & Khadar new (alluvial)
-- adequate proportion of Potash, Phosphoric acid & lime
-- intensely cultivated & densely populated.
B. Black Soil
Location – Deccan trap region (Basalt rock) northwest Deccan plateau --
plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Madhya Pradesh , Malwa,
Chhattisgarh – south east direction along Godavari & Krishna valleys.
Features – regur soil – black cotton soil – extremely fine i.e. clayey
material – capacity to hold moisture – rich in soil nutrients i.e. Calcium
carbonate, magnesium, potash & lime – poor in phosphoric contents –
deep cracks during hot weather – help in proper aeration of soil.
C. Red & Yellow soils
Location -- red soil – develops on crystalline igneous rocks – areas of
low rainfall – eastern and southern parts of Deccan plateau – Odisha,
Chhattisgarh, Southern parts of middle Ganga plain , piedmont zone of
Western Ghats
Features – reddish – diffusion of iron – yellow when hydrated.
D. Laterite Soil
Location – Southern states – Western Ghats region – Maharashtra,
Odisha, some parts of West Bengal – North East region  deep to very
deep – acidic – deficient in plant nutrients.
Features – develop under tropical & subtropical climate – alternate wet
and dry season – intense leaching due to heavy rainfall – humus rich 
deciduous & evergreen forests – humus poor  sparse vegetation &
semi arid environment – Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu  grow tea and
coffee – red laterite soil  Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala – cashew
nut crop.
E. Arid Soil
Location – Western Rajasthan, Southern Gujarat region

Features – red to brown in colour – sandy & saline – salt content high –
salt can be extracted by evaporating water – dry climate – faster
evaporation – lacks humus and moisture – lower horizon – kankars
(calcium content) which prevent infiltration of water – proper irrigation
– soil becomes cultivable eg. Western Rajasthan.
F. Forest Soils
Location – hilly and mountainous areas – sufficient rainforest are
available.
Features – loamy & silty in valley sides – coarse grained in upper slopes
– snow covered areas of Himalayas  denudation & acidic with low
humus content – lower parts of the valleys – river valleys & alluvial fans
are fertile.
Soil Erosion
a. Gully erosion

Unfit land becomes uncultivable called bad land.


Ravines in Chambal basin
b. Wind erosion
c. Sheet erosion
Soil Conservation
A. Contour ploughing
Terrace farming
Shelter belts

You might also like