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ILME MODULE 5

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence comprises three aspects: contextual, experiential, and componential intelligence. Contextual intelligence emphasizes the socio-cultural context of intelligence, while experiential intelligence focuses on how past experiences shape task approaches. Componential intelligence examines cognitive mechanisms and suggests that intelligence assessments should reflect these components to better account for cultural and experiential variations.

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9 views10 pages

ILME MODULE 5

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence comprises three aspects: contextual, experiential, and componential intelligence. Contextual intelligence emphasizes the socio-cultural context of intelligence, while experiential intelligence focuses on how past experiences shape task approaches. Componential intelligence examines cognitive mechanisms and suggests that intelligence assessments should reflect these components to better account for cultural and experiential variations.

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albyabraham2002
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Module 5: Intelligence

Unit 2: Psychometric / Factor


Theories and Multiple intelligence
Theories: Sternberg

Rizma C M
MSc Psychology
Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence

• Proposes three distinct aspects of human


intelligence.
• Combines to produce intelligent behavior or
action.
• Consists of three separate sub-theories, each
addressing one aspect.
Contextual Intelligence
• Contextual intelligence focuses on intelligence
within its socio-cultural context.
• Intelligence is seen as mental activity directed
towards real-world purposive activity.
• Intelligent acts are not abstract, context-free
actions but occur within a context.
• Contexts and reasons shape the kinds of acts
performed and how they are performed.
• The triarchic theory is unique in dealing with the
diversity of cultures and environments.
• Intelligence cannot be understood outside a
socio-cultural context.
• Even universal intelligence properties can
manifest differently in different cultures.
• The same cognitive skill may manifest differently
in different cultural contexts.
• Some fundamental elements of intelligence may
be universally found, but their expression,
development, and social weighting will differ.
Experiential Intelligence
• Experiential intelligence is a sub-theory of the triarchic model that focuses on
how past experiences influence how individuals approach tasks or situations.
• Sternberg's theory outlines two fundamental skills: the ability to handle
situational demands and the ability to automate information-processing.
• Different life situations require different situational demands, and personal
experiences affect our ability to handle them.
• Experienced individuals have a wider range of options and alternatives to deal
with unusual or different events.
• Personal experience is also useful in judging which students can work under
pressure, balancing knowledge about students with the nature of tasks and time-
factors.
• The ability to automate information-processing
involves developing habitual routines to reduce
cognitive demands on the individual.
• For instance, learning to drive involves a
considerable cognitive demand, but as it becomes
familiar, tasks become less demanding.
• Personal life experiences can lead to the
routinization of different skills, such as complex
subtractions in darts.
• Sternberg argues that a full theory of intelligence
needs to recognize and explore the nature of this
variation.
Componential Intelligence
• Componential intelligence is a sub-theory within Sternberg's triarchic model
of intelligence.
• It focuses on the cognitive mechanisms underpinning intelligent functioning.
• The model classifies intelligence components into function, what they actually
did, and level of generality.
• Componential intelligence comprises three types of cognitive components:
metacomponents, performance components, and knowledge acquisition
components.
Implications of Componential Intelligence

• Componential intelligence addresses the problem of what intelligence tests


should contain.
• Test items should reflect the components of intelligence, not just on a pragmatic
or operational basis.
• To assess componential intelligence properly, these items should be evenly
balanced throughout the test.

Future of Componential Intelligence

• The theory allows for a greater recognition of how intelligence works in practice.
• It suggests ways of assessing intelligence that acknowledge the importance of
culture and experience.
• Sternberg's triarchic model may provide the opportunity to do this.
Reference
Hayes, N. (2000). Foundations of Psychology (3rd edition) London: South-Western Cengage
Learning.
Thanks!

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